The article is devoted to the research of sport terms system from the point of view of linguocognitive science. The author aims to define the role of linguocognitive aspect in analysis of words usage in diversified systems of terms. The necessity of including the linguocognitive aspect in terminological systems analysis in different languages was revealed and proved. Besides, the hypothesis of the thought process importance in formation and expansion of term systems is formulated.

The subject of the article is the analysis of linguocultural factors which influenced Middle English. A review of the historical events which contributed to the survival of Anglo-Saxon in the period from the Norman Conquest (1066) till the end of the 15th century is given. Besides the extra-linguistic reasons the subject of study is new linguistic changes to Old English practice which strengthened the position of Middle English as the national language in the period of blending with Norman French. A special emphasis is placed not on the struggle between Norman French and Anglo-Saxon languages and the cultures they presented, but on their profound subtle interaction resulting in enhancing the variety and complexity of both languages.

Specific features of nominative constructions modeling and their role in building semantic architectonics of the whole utterance are described in the article. The link between the process of producing nominative constructions and formation of primary original deep structure is shown. Nominative aspect of speech production is realized in semantic component, which, in its turn, influences the deep structure of a sentence. Lexical level of speech production finishes the process of forming meaning, while other components define the final shaping of the utterance.

In this article the author describes three components of science fiction discourse: inventive, social and dispositive. The peculiarities of each such as their historical development are described. The Author points out advantages of the classification based on these components over the thematic classification. Statistic data based on I. Asimov and R. Heinlein’s works is given to prove this statement.

In the article the most important events in the writer’s life are analyzed, the events that influenced creating the world of Middle Earth in “The Lord of the Ring”, based on the opposition of good and evil, as well as a few elves languages he invented. Philosophical ideas the saga is permeated with are revealed, the writer represents Middle Earth as a structured universe with a hierarchy of its inhabitants, admitting both free will and inevitability of destiny, possibility of pity and mercy, personal responsibility for the future of the world. The symbolic meaning of the tree image associated with the dynasty power is regarded, blossoming tree being considered the symbol of the triumph of good and justice over evil. Stylistic devices characteristic of Tolkin‘s style are explored and systematized.

Obviously prosody in complex with other verbal means or independently shapes the overall context and is shaped by it. Thus prosodic contrasts may mark an ongoing conflict and / or be the cause of conflict exhalation. This article describes the results of acoustic analysis - part of complex investigation of conflict discourse prosody. Data of the analysis and the results are illustrated by speech spectrograms.

This paper examines three etymologies of Proto-Slavic *xudъ. They are the traditional etymology proposed by A.A. Potebnya and H. Pedersen according to which this word is connected with OI kṣudrá- ‘small’, the hypothesis of V.V. Ivanov who connects *xudъ with Ossetic fyd/fud ‘bad, evil’ and also the assumption of A.S. Melnichuk who believed that *xudъ is at first to be compared with Proto-Slavic *xylъ. The paper shows that the traditional etymology cannot be accepted because of semantics, and the version of V.V. Ivanov is phonetically impossible. It means that comparison of *xudъ and *xylъ is the most probable solution.

The semantic analysis of English proverbs based on the model: Vneg that V is described in the article. These proverbs have evaluative meaning. The article is aimed at the analysis of the content plane of the described proverbial units to define their ability to express different types of axiological meanings. It should be noted that this syntactic model demonstrates the ambivalent character of evaluative features of different proverbial images. If taken irrespective of a speech situation, evaluative features have a clearly defined evaluative sign, either positive or negative, if used in a certain proverb, influenced by different factors, they are able to change their axiological sign.

The correlation between the content of the headline and the text of a newspaper article is described in this paper. Linguistic analysis based on the structural criterion allows to define the main types of these relations. The author focuses on the means of expression of the correlation. The paper offers a classification of the newspaper headlines according to the character of their correlation with the whole text of the article. The author attempts to specify the use of each type depending on the theme, on newspaper column and to define the main function of each type.

The article deals with the category of terminativeness which occupies the leading position in the class of toponyms, thus forming the foundation of their structure. In this respect the given category is analyzed in its correlation with the category of identity; both categories are interpreted on the basis of their functions in naming the earth territories and water areas. The analysis of the two above mentioned categories was carried out in respect to the sphere of toponyms. The specific features which characterise the class of hydronyms in language and speech were found out. In doing so, the special attention was given to the specificity of coding of toponyms.

The functional loss in humour translation through the example of «Night watch» by S. Lukyanenko is analyzed in the article. The research is based on Raskin's semantic theory of humour. Some linguistic and extralinguistic causes of inadequacy in translation are discussed. The author considers the potential possibility of opposed scripts actualization to create humorous effect as a way to achieve translation adequacy. As a result of the study the author comes to the conclusion that functional loss can be reduced with the help of some special lexical markers, and that the majority of loss cases are due to the lack of background knowledge.

The paper studies the most widely spread modern personal names in three differently structured languages (English, Russian and Azerbaijanian). The summary of etymological analysis of male and female first names most popular in 2013 is given. The research examines certain trends in the naming fashion and modern linguaculture reflected in personal names. Semantically personal names of languages under analysis are similar, despite the structural differences. The study reveals modern tendencies in naming people in each of the considered national cultures.

The article is devoted to the structural-typological study of banking terms of Russia and Great Britain. Analyzing the terminological corpus we take into account, on the one hand, the existence of verbal units, on the other hand, the possibility to organize them. This approach allows us to identify the main classes of terms in accordance with the historical, national and cultural peculiarities of Russia and Great Britain, the level of economic development, methods of regulating currency in circulation.

The paper reveals the problem of pragmalinguistic knowledge of Russian students. A linguistic experiment based on special tests is carried on to estimate this knowledge. Linguo-cultural pecularities of a speech act by Russian-speaking informants and Americans are defined and correlated. The strategies of a speech act of request in the Russian and English languages are analyzed. A special emphasis is devoted to the examples of pragmalinguistic transfer occurring in speech patterns of Russian-speaking students.

The article is devoted to the study of the history of English, Russian and German biblical translations and to comparing their similarities and differences. Changes of the language and style of biblical narration in later biblical translations are described. The analysis has shown that the tendencies in translations are similar in the three languages: modern translations are characterized by simplification of syntactic constructions and style. There is a marked tendency to choose the same source of translation - the Vulgate. Differences in translation are explained by the use of different sources - ancient Jewish of Greek texts and by the fact that the translations were done in different periods.

In the article etymology and types of motivation of nomination «praying mantis» in four languages are revealed. The conducted comparative analysis makes it possible to conclude about the number and types of motivation of the considered nominations. The ambivalence of motivation of nomination «praying mantis» in these languages is examined. Much attention is given to the investigation of the character of Spanish variants of nomination «praying mantis». The author’s classification of basic and additional types of motivation is given.