Aim. To study the semantic field of the root *ghos-ti- in PIE (the Proto-Indo-European language), divide Modern English lexical units with the etymological root *ghos-ti- into groups according to their formal and semantic features.

Methodology. The main research methods are the comparative-historical method and the descriptive-analytical method, which includes classification, comparison and generalization of the lexical units under study.

Results. The study showed that lexis with the root *ghos-ti- came into English through Proto-Germanic, Latin and Ancient Greek. Modern English lexical items with this root were grouped based on their meaning and form.

Research implications. The data on semantic and word-formative development of vocabulary, which emerged from the root *ghos-ti-, has been extended and updated. A classification of modern English lexemes with this root has been proposed.

Aim. To study the structure of the concept of “Brussels” in Russian political and media discourse in diachrony – ХХ-ХХI centuries – on the material of the National Corpus of the Russian language and the author’s corpus.

Methodology. To identify the slots of the concept under study in different historical periods, corpus analysis was used according to the data of the National Corpus of the Russian Language (RNC) and the author’s corpus based on materials from the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, information portal “RBC”, online publications “RIA Novosti”, “Kommersant”, “Lenta. ru”, “Parlamentskaya gazeta”, “Vedomosti”, “Expert”. Тhe sample was made over two periods: from 1901 to 1949 (based on the materials of the RNC) and from 1992 to 2023. Further, quantitative and qualitative content analysis was applied and the slots of the Brussels concept were compared in different historical periods. During the study, general scientific methods of analysis, classification and interpretation of the data obtained were used.

Results. As a result of the study of empirical data, the slots of the concept of “Brussels” in the Russian political and media discourse of the XX-XXI centuries were identified, described and compared. It is confirmed that the toponym “Brussels” has been transformed into a multidimensional mental formation with deep historical roots and historically established social assessments.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of this study lies in the replenishment of the system of knowledge about the conceptual sphere of political and media discourse. The practical significance of the work is due to the fact that its results can be used in the courses of a number of academic disciplines, as well as for diagnosing the political moods of society.

Aim. To identify the specifics of realias transfer and solve the problem of “verbal transformations” in a situation where the author himself acts as a translator.

Methodology. The main methods of our research include: 1) the method of continuous sampling (used to compile a corpus of realias in selected texts by V. Nabokov); 2) comparative analysis (used to compare the Russian and English names of realias in the selected material); 3) contextual analysis (used to identify the emotive meaning of certain realias in V. Nabokov’s texts under study).

Results. The main methods of transferring the realias of life of the nobility into English have been established: explanation, functional analogue, loan-translation, etc.; the most common technique is determined - transliteration with an explanation.

Research implications. The results obtained allow to analyze the problem of bilingualism in general and specifically the bilingualism of a bilingual writer, the connection between two language systems in his mind. The analysis carried out allows us to study in more detail the problem of self-translation, which, according to Nabokov himself, is a process of “verbal transformations”. The results of the study can be useful for beginner translators as an example of solving the problem of finding translation correspondences. Since the analyzed correspondences are made by the author, they are a valuable material for practicing translators, and can also be used in the development of a training course on the theory of translation.

Aim. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the coronation of Charles III as a complex semiotic system, including the following types of signs: ceremonial actions; signs of royalty; vestments and clothes; religious signs; verbal signs; images and symbols; musical signs. The objectives of the study are: 1) to investigate various types of signs making up the coronation ceremony, and suggest ways to interpret them; 2) to identify the correlation of traditional and innovative components of the coronation and, on their basis, determine the priorities of the new king; 3) to analyze the interpretation of the coronation as a semiotic system by the British public.

Methodology. The research design is based on the ethnographic and semiotic methods.

Results. It has been established that the coronation is used to form and convey symbolic meanings, namely: the legitimacy of royal power, its divine nature; connections with history and traditions; priorities and obligations of the monarch to the people; attention to social innovation; unity and patriotism of the nation; and the importance of the monarch as a symbol of the state. It is also shown that different readings of signs depend on their perception by supporters and opponents of the monarchy.

Research implications. The study makes a contribution to the development of semiotics and cultural linguistics. The practical material of the study can be used in university courses of general linguistics, British studies and ESL classes.

Aim. To study legal terminological vocabulary in the text of an English-language children’s animated film. The purpose of this work is to describe and analyze the semantic, stylistic and structural characteristics of legal terms used in the English-language children’s film discourse.

Methodology. The material for the study was more than 3,000 legal terminological units selected by a continuous sampling method from about 50 highly rated animated films and series according to the IMDb website. On the basis of lexical and semantic, contextual, structural, component and frequency analysis, the most typical characteristics of special vocabulary providing semantic mobility of a legal term in the studied discourse were identified, the distribution of terminological units by age groups was calculated depending on their semantic component specialization degree.

Results. The classification proposed by the authors reflects both the structural composition of legal terms and their semantic characteristics, which makes it possible to correlate the lexical units encountered in the context of a children’s animated film with certain lexical-semantic fields of the sublanguage of jurisprudence.

Research implications. Theoretical application of this work lies in the fact that the generalized results of the study can serve to expand the understanding of the semantic significance of legal terminology outside legal discourse. The data obtained can be useful for further study of the pragmatic potential and features of the functioning of special vocabulary in children’s film text. Practical application is determined by wide possibilities of using the analyzed examples in textbooks and materials for teaching a professionally oriented foreign language.

Aim. To analyze the opinions of grammarians and lexicographers regarding the use of the conjunction وأ [ʾaw] in most types of sentences in which وأ [ʾaw] is followed by a verb in بصن – in the Subjunctive mood in Arabic.

Methodology. The study was conducted based on the methods of linguistic, historiographic and comparative analyses.

Results. Close attention is paid to the most outstanding early grammars of Sibawayhy and al-Farra, representing the schools of Basra and Kufa, respectively. An approach to the study of the mood بصن – the verb as "Subjunctive", due to فطع [ʿaṭf] – "attachment" between two not corresponding elements, namely a noun and a verb, is defined.

Research implications. The article presents the grammatical factors that cause the mood بصن – “in the Subjunctive mood” in the verb following the conjunction وأ [ aw] in Arabic.

Aim. To consider the results of contacting three languages (English, Russian and Kazakh) in the educational multilingual environment of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Methodology. The material for the study was 324 cases of switching and code mixing. The following methods were applied in the work: indirect observation, conversation, quantitative method.

Results. The study made it possible to note that students in Kazakhstan switch to another language in order to be understood by their interlocutor. Basically, Kazakh-Russian switching is heard, and high school students and students most often insert words from Russian and English into their speech.

Research implications. The research conclusions deepen the understanding of the language interaction in the educational environment, contribute to the further development of the theory of language contacts. The results obtained can be used in theoretical courses in sociolinguistics, cultural linguistics.

Aim. To determine the ways of translating non-equivalent vocabulary (NEV) in the novel by A. Burgess “A Clockwork Orange”.

Methodology. The examples of NEV translation were analyzed based on the methods of contextual analysis, component, linguistic and cultural analysis, mathematical calculation and comparative method.

Results. The methods of translation of 19 NEV units were analyzed: transcription and transliteration, loan translation, explanatory translation, approximate translation and omission. Most NEV units have been translated using omission, transliteration and approximate translation. Basically, the quality of translation is good. Cases of inadequate translation were revealed, which led to the loss of information and national identity.

Theoretical and/or practical significance. The results of the research can be used in teaching translation and in compiling teaching materials for translating from English into Russian.

Aim. To describe the prototypical constructions of the German language, characterized by the semantics of multiplicity. An analysis is carried out of the actualization of the categorial meanings of the multiplicative and iterative taxis of simultaneity and non-simultaneity in statements with deverbative-prepositional combinations.

Methodology. The article considers prototypical taxis constructions with multiplicative and iterative semantics. These are German utterances with deverbative-multiplicatives and deverbative-iteratives used with various prepositions of adverbial semantics. During the study, hypothetical-deductive, inductive and descriptive methods were used to identify and describe the main variants of multiplicative-taxis and iterative-taxis categorial meanings with their subsequent projection onto specific German statements.

Results. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in prototypical statements with the semantics of multi-act (multiplicative) containing genetic deverbatives-multiplicatives, multiplicative-taxis categorial situations of simultaneity and non-simultaneity are actualized. In statements with the semantics of iteration (genetic, derivational), the means of expression of which are deverbative-iteratives and other iterative indicators (adverbials, attributes), various iterative-taxis categorial meanings are realized.

Research implications. The article examines the issue of actualization of multiplicative-taxis and iterative-taxis categorial situations of simultaneity and non-simultaneity in prototypical statements of the German language, constituted by deverbatives with multiplicity semantics. The results of the study make a certain contribution to the theory of taxis, in particular, multiplicative and iterative taxis. The main provisions of the study can be used in teaching the functional grammar of the modern German language in higher education.

Aim. To identify modern Austrian German lexical structure specific characteristics due to the influence of extra linguistic factors.

Methodology. The research uses the method of continuous sampling, lexicographic, lexical and semantic and contextual analysis, classification and systematization of linguistic material while identifying transformational processes in the lexical structure of modern Austrian German.

Results. The most and least productive transformation processes characteristic of Austrian German lexical structure are identified, as well as the reasons for such changes are formulated according to the research results. The features of borrowed lexical units are analyzed, the reasons for their frequency and functioning in modern Austrian German are indicated. It is proved that the lexical subsystem of Austrian German is characterized by the presence of unique elements that form the basis of the Austrian culture. Such lexical items as Austricisms turn out to be the norm for Austrian German and are prevalent in everyday spheres. The revealed lexical transformation processes typical for Austrian German reflect the specifics of the linguistic and cultural worldview typical of Austrian mentality.

Research implications. The research reveals the potential of transformational processes taking place in such a national variant of the German language as the Austrian German language. The lexical structure of Austrian German is influenced by two key processes: indigenization and globalization which contribute to preservation of its unique properties, reflecting the specifics of the Austrian linguistic culture.

Aim. To prove the existence of certain semantic load and functional potential in different techniques of versification as rhythmization means of Spanish dramaturgical texts.

Methodology. To achieve this aim, the methods of semantic and stylistic analysis, contextual analysis and hypothetic-deductive reconstruction of the pragmatic effect sought by the author were used. The use of versification in Spanish drama in diachrony, from the formation of Spanish drama theatre to the present time, was analyzed. The article presents a comparative analysis of playwrights’ approaches to versification in the functional-semantic aspect.

Results. The conclusions are made that versification in Spanish drama texts can be a component of some functional-semantic fields.

Research Implications. The consideration of prosodic and rhythm formation in the pragmatic and functional aspect updates the approach to the subject of functional linguistics and pragmalinguistics.

Aim. To identify nuclear namings for the concepts “one’s own” / “alien” in the English language and to create a correct research vector of this binary concept.

Methodology. The research algorithm consisted of the consistent application of the methods of lexicographic analysis, component analysis; analysis of scientific papers, as well as analysis of the lexeme use frequency in the corpus of English texts. The use of a representative corpus of texts as a research material makes it possible to take into account their frequency characteristics when identifying nuclear nominees, which is important for obtaining the most objective results.

Results. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that when considering this issue, it was decided to resort to an integrated approach in establishing the nuclear nominative units of concepts, namely, to the use of analysis of lexicographic sources, the formation of a core of equivalents, cognitive synthesis of the definitional methodology and component analysis, as well as the study of frequency indicators in corpus of the English language and identifying the degree of representativeness of the namings on the phraseological material previously collected for the study. The algorithm used in the course of the study made it possible to achieve the main goals and objectives - to ensure a reliable nomination of the concepts «свой» (“one’s own”) and «чужой» (“alien”) in the English language, as well as to choose the correct vector of work, potentially focused on a wider area of linguistic and cultural research.

Research implications. The algorithm aimed at identifying nuclear namings can be successfully applied on the material of different languages, which makes a significant contribution to the theory and practice of linguistic and cultural studies. In addition, the results of the study can be used in practical courses on cultural linguistics and phraseology of the English language.

Aim. To reveal the specifics of expressing key intentions of French ecological articles authors using main lexical and grammar means within newspaper headlines.

Methodology. A significant corpus of ecological newspaper headlines of the leading French press for last year selected by continuous sampling method was analyzed. The methodological basis of the research are linguistic observation and description methods, context and communicative-pragmatic analysis of the language phenomena under study.

Results. The analysis detected the main lexical and grammar means used for realization of different aims of French ecological articles authors within the headlines. The research proved that the choice of certain morphological and syntax structures as well as lexical units of special semantic connotations in the headline is explained by some interdependent linguistic and extralinguistic factors.

Research implications. The research results can be used in teaching of French while studying newspaper articles, as well as in special courses of press analysis at the bachelor and master levels.

Aim. To reveal the deep meanings of the ethnonymous adjective russisch, which are not recorded in modern German lexicographic sources as separate meanings.

Methodology. The five most authoritative authentic definition dictionaries of the German language served as the material for the study. To analyze the linguistic material, the method of component

analysis was used, which was combined with the method of determining qualia structures (agentive, constitutive, formal and telic).

Results. The revealed values of the qualia structure are divided into nuclear, subnuclear and peripheral. The meaning represented in all five dictionaries form the core. It has been established that nuclear semes implement only agentive attributes of objects. The subnuclear zone includes formal and constitutive meanings. Meanings with no correspondences in dictionary definitions that were identified during the analysis of the dictionary entries examples form the periphery of the field of lexicographic meanings of an ethnonymous adjective. Such meanings are manifested by the telic attributes of the qualia structure.

Research implications. The developed method for revealing deep meanings, taking into account the qualia structure, will help reveal the hidden meanings of words that are based on stereotypical perceptions of recipients and are not recorded in modern lexicographic sources.