Aim. To consider the role of metaphors and similes in the internet-discourse. Methodology. The paper presents the analysis of texts with comparative nominations formed by metaphors and similes and taken from the following genres of the Internet communication: chats, blogs, and web-pages. The main method of research is the dictemic analysis of the text. Results. The results of the study are the identification of the genres of Internet communication of two-side dictemic intercourse and one-side dictemic intercourse. Within the frame of the genre division, the properties of the metaphors and similes are described and the conceptualization of the Internet-space based on the comparative-metaphoric principle is established. Research implications. The research results contribute to the theory of discourse and style and deepen the understanding of the genre variation of the Internet-discourse.

Aim. The article focuses on dicteme structure of the texts of live football reports on TV as well as online text reports on the internet. Methodology. The methods of the research are observation, discourse analysis and interpretation of results. Results of the research are the principles that allow to identify dictemes in football reports and the main types of information conveyed by such dictemes. Research implications. The research results contribute to the dicteme theory.

Aim. The article focuses on the concept of The New Silk road from the point of view of political linguistics in the context of the modern Chinese initiative “One belt - one road”. Methodology. The author analyzed six official speeches of XI Jinping made within the above initiative. The study used the principles and mechanics of the methods of semantic analysis and discourse analysis, to explore the linguistic aspect of the concept. Results. The dynamics of the studied concept in the political discourse of China is presented. Research implications. The research results enrich the subject area of political linguistics, contribute to the theoretical understanding of China's political initiative in its cognitive-discursive presentation. The practical significance of the study is associated with both the training of linguists and the training of translators in the Chinese-Russian language pair.

Aim. The article describes the results of the research conducted in order to determine whether a speaker’s gender is a deciding factor influencing the prosody of demands, threats and informal requests in German and interfering with identification of the these speech acts as directives. Methodology. During the experiment fundamental frequency (f0), sound intensity (volume) and syllable duration of informal requests, threats and demands uttered by female and male speakers were measured in key syllables of the phrases in order to define the nature of the influence of a speaker’s gender on delivery of directives in German. The acquired data underwent acoustic analysis, mathematical and statistical processing as well as linguistic interpretation. Results. The results of the experiment show that a speaker’s gender cannot be considered the key factor regarding directive speech act perception, identification and formation. Research Implications. The data acquired in the course of the experiment may be used in oral speech linguistic examination, in studies of oral utterance formation and perception processes in German and gender-based features of oral speech at universities.

Aim. The study aims at defining the role of author’s vocabulary dictionaries in English lexicographic tradition of cultural heritage. Methodology. The article covers new directions in English author lexicography and offers critical review of modern scene of on-line dictionaries to the works of G. Chaucer, W. Shakespeare and other prominent writers, who greatly contributed to the formation of the English literary language. The paper focuses on the research of new types of English dictionaries of author’s vocabulary and their structure by means of lexicographical analysis and dictionaries review methods. The main accent is made on the problem of dictionary choice for certain target users’ groups and their definite purposes. Results. The analysis showed that author dictionaries of new generation provide modern readers with a reliable tool for profound studies of the English language and culture. Research implications. In conclusion, new perspectives for further usage of English author dictionaries in English cultural heritage studies are offered.

Aim. The study aims at describing the conditions under which evaluativeness in advertising texts can convey deontic modality. Methodology. The main content of the research is the analysis of evaluative statements, namely, the texts devoted to beer advertising in Germany, through the prism of the deontic modality. Through the methods of transformation, contextual and linguistic analysis, the types of the relationship between evaluativeness and deontic modality are shown. Results. The work reveals the features of the deep semantics of de dicto and de re evaluative structures in advertising texts and shows their relationship with deontic modality. As a result of the study of absolute and comparative assessments, their relationship with the deontic modality was established. Research implications. The study shows the potential of using evaluativeness to convey the deontic modality in advertising texts and serves the purpose of describing and systematizing this phenomenon.

Aim. The aim of the analysis is to identify new figurative meanings of phrasal verbs (PV), to explain the mechanism of their formation due to compilation of the frame structure of the verbal component. Methodology. Three PV with the verbal component “to blast” were selected by the method of continuous sampling from nine dictionaries. They were studied with the following methods: analysis of the semantic structure of the lexical unit by dictionary definitions; corpus, quantitative, frame analysis. Results. New figurative meanings were revealed: seven meanings of PV “to blast out (of)”, six meanings of PV “to blast away (at)”, three meanings of PV “to blast off”. The frame structure of the verbal component of phrasal verbs is presented. Research implications. The approach to the study of the metaphorical meanings of phrasal verbs outlined in the work - the compilation of a frame structure - can be applied in the analysis of cognitive processes involved in the formation of new meanings, in the teaching a foreign language, in lexicographic practice.

Aim. The study focuses on inter-category relationship of temporal and modal meanings in the system of expressing the future tense in the German and Russian languages. Methodology. By means of descriptive, comparative and contextual methods, it is shown that the semantics of the analytical form of the future tense in the German language is similar to the synthetic form in the Russian language. Results. It is shown that in the German language the future tense analytical form, alongside with the temporal meaning, has deontic and evidential semantics. The modal component is to some extent present in Russian perfective verbs in which the future simple tense form. Research implications. The characteristics of the deep semantics of the analytical form, designed to express the future tense in the German language, are shown, and a similar potential of verbs in the form of a simple future tense in the Russian language is revealed. The research results can be applied in the course of theoretical grammar of the German language and typology of the German and Russian languages.

Aim. The article is devoted to the identification of difficulties in the practical translation of texts and the analysis of the reasons for translation errors. Methodology. The methods of contrastive analysis and contextual analysis were used in the research based on selected authentic English texts. Results. A generalization, description and classification of translation errors is made, an algorithm for intercultural adaptation of legal texts is proposed. The necessity of carrying out a multidimensional analysis of the cultural characteristics of the country of the studied foreign language and the inclusion of student in the linguistic picture of the world of this language as part of the educational process for further successful professional activity is substantiated. Research Implications. The author develops the theory of the cultural component of meaning, revealed in the lexical-semantic analysis of terminological units in humanitarian fields of knowledge, and analyzes the difficulties of legal terminology interlingual translation. The work studies English legal terms which at first glance seem to be synonyms, ,but upon a more detailed analysis are not.

Aim. The paper presents analysis of the text of W. D. Howells’ novel “The Rise of Silas Lapham” in Russian. Methodology. A comparative analysis of English and Russian texts of the novel “The Rise of Silas Lapham” by the American writer W. D. Howells is carried out. Research methods such as the comparative historical method and the content analysis method have been used. Results. The Russian and English versions of the novel “The Rise of Silas Lapham” by W. D. Howells have been compared, and the author concludes that the original is not recreated in translation. Research implications. The practical significance of the research is to identify the reasons for breaking the internal links of the text in the Russian translation of “The Rise of Silas Lapham” by W. D. Howells when translating the actual direct speech of the characters.

Aim. The paper presents analysis of translation issues of Tang poetry according to the concepts of George Steiner’s Hermeneutic Motion Theory. Methodology. The author studied the George Steiner’s Fourfold Translation Motion: trust, aggression, incorporation and compensation. Meanwhile, the different translations of the quatrain “Dalin Temple Peach Blossoms” created by Bai Juyi were analyzed by the comparative analysis method. Results. The results of the study show that at the trust stage, the two translators have similar trust. At other stages, translators adopt different translation methods, for example, literalism, literal and free translation, where the subjectivity of the translator plays an important role in the translation process. Research implication. The theoretical significance is to describe a new translation model in the analysis of Russian translation and its contribution to the theory of translation (based on the study of the translation of Tang poetry).

Aim. The article shows the means of verbal representation of ethnic stereotypes in Russian and English as well as their registration in dictionaries of contemporary English. Methodology. In the article various classifications of ethnonyms, ethnics nicknames and idioms with ethnonyms are analyzed. Principles and examples of their lexicographic description in contemporary dictionaries of English are discussed. Lexicographic analysis of electronic dictionaries of contemporary English language is made. Results. New approaches to lexicographic description of ethnonyms and ethnic nicknames are described. Research implications. The research describes contemporary examples that can be used in a wide range of courses in lexicography, lexicology, cross-cultural communication, and sociolinguistics.