Aim. To study the English proverbs with numerical component from the viewpoint of their syntactic structure and semantics and to compare them with their Russian equivalents.

Methodology. The research data were selected from the major dictionaries of English proverbs using the method of continuous sampling. As a result of structural-semantic analysis the proverbs were classified into separate groups. Statistical analysis was performed to specify the numerical components and syntactic structures most frequently used in the English proverbs. Comparative analysis made it possible to compare the English proverbs with quantitative components to their Russian analogues.

Results. It has been established that the most frequently used numerals are the simple numerals one, two and three, the prevalent stylistic device is antithesis. The differences in the use of numerical components in the English and Russian proverbs have been revealed.

Research implications. The results obtained enlarge the existing knowledge about the English proverbs with quantitative components and may be used for practical studies of English at different levels. Scientific novelty consists in classifying the English proverbs on the basis of a number of parameters and determining the most frequently used numerals and syntactic structures.

Aim. To analyze the features of translation of creolized texts from the Internet (on the example of the German youth satirical online magazines “Eulenspiegel” and “Titanic”).

Methodology. The main research methods are the comparison method (the method of comparing two or more objects, highlighting the common and the different in them for the purpose of classification and typology) and the method of content analysis (the method of studying text and graphic information).

Results. Based on the creolized Internet texts, the following features that must be taken into account when translating creolized Internet texts were identified: connections between the verbal and nonverbal components of the creolized text; the relationship of socio-cultural information; the presence of differences in the volume of meanings of lexical components and their equivalents in the original language and the target language.

Research implications. The article can be used in the study of translation techniques used in the case when the translator is faced with similar lexical units.

Aim. To investigate the problem connected with the issue of phonetical changes by the linguists belonging to different scientific schools, to study the main solutions offered in their works and to define the place and meaning of this question in the history of comparative linguistics.

Methodology. The methods of the philological analysis of the material, referred to the history of linguistics, and the comparison of the sources are used.

Results. Recognition of regular phonetic correspondences between kindred languages is the main methodological principle of comparative linguistics. However, its concrete manifestations often became the subject of very heated discussions. The positions argued by their participants varied substantially: from the assertion that phonetic laws are similar to the laws of nature acting mechanically to the point of denying their existence.

Research implications. The factual data represented in the article and the results of their interpretation may be used in future studies of the issues connected with the history of linguistic science, as well as in pedagogical practice during the teaching courses of the Foundations of Linguistics, History of Linguistics and Comparative Linguistics.

Aim. The article presents the results of a comparative study of the combinability of the lexeme FRIEND in Russian and German, conducted using the apparatus of lexical functions-parameters (I. A. Melchuk, A. K. Zholkovsky, etc.). The main purpose of the research is to identify universal and specific (lacunary for one of the languages) “typical meanings” of the analyzed combinations with the clarification of their stylistic mark, usage peculiarities, presence/absence of semantic limitations in both languages.

Methodology. The study includes four main stages of work, among which there is a comparison of the semantics of the key lexeme of the analyzed combinations in order to identify equivalent/ non-equivalent semes, a qualitative selection of the main combinations with the key lexeme in both languages, an identification of equivalent lexical functions-parameters indicating the features of their verbalization in both languages, an identification of specific lexical functions-parameters verbalized only in one of the analyzed languages. In the course of the work the following methods were used: component, definitional, seme, distributive, contextual types of analysis.

Results. The results of the research let reveal most completely which lexical functions-parameters 1) are represented in both languages with the combinations with the key lexeme FRIEND, 2) are represented only in one of the languages with appropriate combinations and with alternative ways of their expression in another language (in ways different from word combinations), 3) are represented in one of the languages with the combinations with the key lexeme FRIEND and are not verbalized in another language, 4) are most/least numerous in each of the languages; 4) are the most/least used in each of the languages.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of the results of the research is in the possibility of expanding and clarifying the theory of teaching foreign languages and the theory of bilingual combinatorial lexicography, in which the approach used in the article can be considered as an alternative way of presenting and interpreting lexicographic and/or educational material. The practical importance of the results is applied to the translation practice of Russian and German fiction and non-fiction literature, in the process of compiling Russian-German and German-Russian combinatorial dictionaries, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian and German as non-native languages.

Aim. The paper is concerned with the study of the semantic field of the noun “xenophobia”, which was chosen by Dictionary.com in 2016 as the Word of the Year. The main focus of interest is the usage of the given lexeme and its synonyms in English media discourse of the 21st century.

Methodology. The research is based on corpus analysis of data from 2015 to 2021 provided by three contemporary English language corpora: Now Corpus, Brexit Corpus, and Coronavirus Corpus.

Results. Corpus data show that in certain periods of time “xenophobia” becomes a high-frequency word due to some extralinguistic factors, including such global events as, for example, Brexit and the coronavirus pandemic. It is also established that the semantic field of the concept of “xenophobia” contains a number of words with the similar shades of meaning, which form “hate speech”. As a result of the ongoing information war in media space, xenophobia remains the key word of the last few years and its linguistic markers are used to create the negative image of the “others”.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of the research lies in identifying extralinguistic factors that determine the choice of the Word of the Year. The practical significance is explained by the fact that the obtained results can be used in special courses on corpus analysis and lexicology of the English language.

Aim. To recreate the history of the creation of such an artificial language as Atlantic, as Atlantic, what were the sources, attracted the attention of the authors upon its discovery, where he demanded what kind of writing is inherent in him, and why, in his opinion, he became a forgotten language.

Methodology. The material for the study was the texts of Russian-language interviews, articles and hard-to-reach books and videos about the Atlantean language in Russian, as well as the works of Russian scientists about artificial sources and Atlantis. Methods such as classification, synthesis and analysis, observation and comparison were used. The latter method was necessary to analyze what similarities there are in the Atlantic, English and Russian languages.

Results. Research has shown that this artificial language was created by Mark Okrand, the language designer for the Star Trek TV series (Star Trek); it is available to all peoples of the world. This language has similar features with the Russian language as well. But due to the complexity of the Atlantean language and the non-acceptance of its film after the release in 2001, this language has become largely forgotten, since at present it is not used even by fans of this film.

Research implications of detection is found in the possibility of using theoretical material in the Atlantean language for a Russian-speaking researcher. The article will be useful for those who are interested in linguoculturology and artificial languages, because, in addition to the structure of the language itself, the article describes a fictional picture of the world inherent in this language, and a comparative analysis is carried out between the Atlantic, English and Russian languages, and it is also found out how the fictional proto-language was built.

Aim. To determine the cross-cultural potential of transcoding the mythologemes of a literary text in translation.

Methodology. Through a comparative analysis of H. Melville’s “Moby Dick” and the texts translated into Russian, the cross-cultural potential of textual mythologies transfer from English into Russian is revealed.

Results. The tendencies of cross-cultural adaptation of text mythologems in two translations of H. Melville’s “Moby Dick” from English into Russian are identified. The author’s point of view to the phenomenon of the cross-cultural potential in translation is explained. Correlation between the cross-cultural potential in translation and the textual linguocultural code is substantiated.

Research implications. The research results contribute to the further development of translation studies theory and cross-cultural study of the mythologemes transfer. The methodology of cognitive modeling of myth intertextuality is verified. The results obtained can be applied in lectures on general linguistics and translation studies.

Aim. To identify linguistic means of representing manipulative tactics used by the authors of the “Opinion” column of the newspaper “The Guardian”, one of the most widely read and influential British newspapers, to form a certain emotional mood of the reader. The website of the newspaper is the most popular and visited in comparison with the websites of other British newspapers. The "Opinion" section presents the views of experts on the topical problems of our time.

Methodology. Articles devoted to the brightest political events of recent years were selected. A linguo-stylistic analysis of the articles has been carried out, the main features of the articles in this section have been identified. Research methods used: semantic-stylistic, descriptive, analysis by stylistic marks in dictionaries, stylistic interpretation of the text.

Results. A classification of manipulative tactics and methods for their implementation is proposed. The main ways of verbalization of manipulative tactics used in the articles of the “Opinion” section of the newspaper “The Guardian” are identified and systematized. Research implications.

The results of the study can be used by theorists and practitioners in teaching courses on stylistics and text interpretation.

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Aim. The aim of the paper is to define the changes in the modern scientific paradigm of author’s lexicography with special reference to the new types of linguistic, cultural and encyclopedic Shakespeare dictionaries published recently. Lexicographic analysis of these titles is conducted according to the following parameters: addressee, volume, format, composition of mega-, macro- and microstructure of dictionaries.

Methodology. The article describes new types of Shakespeare dictionaries compiled recently by professional lexicographers in collaboration with interdisciplinary specialists. The main contents of the paper is devoted to the research of the architecture of thematic Shakespeare dictionaries, scientific encyclopedias and onomasticons, reflecting Shakespeare’s linguocultural world. The focus of the research is the choice of definite reference books due to the needs of the modern users and their special demands.

Results. The analysis revealed that Shakespeare dictionaries of new generation provide modern readers with a detailed description of his linguocultural world as well as a reliable tool for profound studies of the language and culture of the Elizabethan era. Research implications. In conclusion, new perspectives for further use of new Shakespeare dictionaries in English linguocultural heritage studies are provided.

Aim. To consider and identify the specifics of the formation of military metaphor and metonymy and to reveal the features of their use in the military vocabulary of the modern French language.

Methodology. The work mainly uses a descriptive method, which is a system of procedures for collecting factual material, its description based on observation.

Results. An analysis of neologisms that have arisen in the military lexicon and new words from their own language resources is given. Redistribution between different layers of the language, changes in the semantic structure of the word make qualitative and quantitative changes in the vocabulary of the modern military French language.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that it allows one to study military terminological vocabulary: words and phrases that become reconsidered and and thus are used as military terms. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using it as illustrative material and the obtained research results in teaching practice in specialized higher military educational institutions, when compiling military-oriented textbooks, as well as including them into the university course of military translation.

Aim. The paper is aimed at revealing how various discourse elements characteristic of American electronic social networks facilitate the imposing social and cultural values on large audiences of their users. The goal is to find out how linguistic, cognitive, and cultural issues merge in creating new and reinforcing traditional values via web-based discourse.

Methodology. The research is based on content and context analyses.

Results. The research has revealed that American Web-based discourse incorporates the family as a vital life meaning. Discourse on faith reveals the lack of unanimity among social networks users who openly express their attitudes towards religious issues. Posts and comments on popular digital platforms demonstrate that freedom of speech which has long been accepted as an unshakeable achievement of American democracy is now under attack by cancel culture supporters.

Redearch implications. Research results contribute to the theory of Web-based discourse and crosscultural communication and complement such university courses as Communication in American social media, and Cross-cultural communication.