The article examines functioning of reticence in fiction. Analyzing English short fiction texts of the 20th century the author distinguishes a specific type of reticence in fiction - narrative reticence which is a semantic lacuna in the narrative structure. Principal criteria of differentiation between narrative reticence and other types of narrative gaps are represented. The described forms of narrative reticence include chronological lacunae, partial information gaps, pretended knowledge (presuppositional reticence) and objectified narrative.

The paper discusses interlingual translation of drama viewed as a unity of related communicative situations. Being a multilevel dialogue drama is in need of means to ensure orderliness and analogy. Intrasemiotic and intersemiotic code metamorphoses may be regarded as instruments to achieve conceptual equivalence and adequacy. Analyzing the peculiarities of code metamorphoses in a dramatic text (exemplified by the translations of “The Cherry Orchard” by A. Chekhov) the paper shows how this approach makes it easier for the translator to justify the choice of a word or structure in the translation and helps to meet translation challenges.

The article reveals several tendencies in the development of European Terminology in the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st centuries. Periods of the discipline development are introduced. The first period is associated with the appearance of E. Wuster’s papers, whose ideas on the concept allowed to develop semasiological and onomasiological approaches. In the 50-ies of the 20th century two well-known terms are introduced: language for special purposes (LSP) and language for general purposes (LGP). The text-linguistic stage prepared terminologists to the understanding that terminological units should be studied from sociolinguistic and cognitive perspectives. The article analyzes views of Russian and foreign terminologists on terms and concepts, on their characteristics, and on cognition and categorization in the frame work of specialized communication. Modern papers in Terminology devote special attention to structures representing knowledge in professional communication.

The article deals with the description of electronic lexicography achievements, perspectives of its development in the XXI century when to study and satisfy the dictionary user’s needs turns to be the key issue. The author’s version of a “future dictionary” and correspondently “future user” is suggested and it is illustrated by the online project of English-Russian portal of socio-political terminology, conceptualized into a new customized reference edition format. The advantage and the new feature of this programme is the ability of the dictionary program to “adjust” to a user and his needs by detecting and analyzing his behaviour. The advantages of the project, difficulties in compiling and maintaining it and the degree of the user’s involvement in compiling and successful operation of the dictionary are described.

The article gives a review of the studies of antonymic phraseological units. The conditions for the emergence of phraseological units opposition are pointed out. Formal similarity criterion is under discussion. The authors present a classification of phraseological units according to the expressed contrariety type and considers peculiarities of oppositions between lexical and phraseological units. Comparison of English and Russian phraseological units showed that they have many common characteristics and it proves that antonymy is a universal phenomenon.

The article addresses the problem of terminological dissociation in the field of mediatext and mediadiscours studies and various criteria of their possible classification are presented. Mediatext and mediadiscourse are characterized as the basic objects of medialinguistics, the science that came to the foreground of linguistic research in XX century and that studies the language of mass communication. Mediatext is presented as a unit of mediadiscourse and any text is viewed as a product of discourse. Special attention is also paid to the main similarities and differences of these four notions.

The article is devoted to the analysis of certain conflict-containing elements of national anthems. Several factors such as mobilizing, motivating, etc. which form programming structure of an anthem text are examined. Different structural types of hymns, e.g. tolerant anthems, anthems as descriptions of the conflict (battle), revolution anthems of different types etc., are described. Conflictogenous lexemes, e.g. enemy, aggressor, tyrant, slavery, despot, fetters, blood etc. are determined. It is demonstrated, that in a number of anthems the enemy is nominated specifically and that is related to historical development of the country. One of the variants of the enemy nomination can be ethnophaulisms. Results of research have shown that the overwhelming majority of national anthems contain conflictogenous components. In several anthems the conflict theme is the primary topic.

A review of modern viewpoints on the nature of axiological component is given, methods of this component study are analyzed and the basic terms are defined. The linguo-cultural characteristics of the Life / Death concept, based on the analysis of Ernest Hemingway's «Fiesta аnd The Sun Also Rises» are described. The research of the concept vocabulary base and justification of dominant characteristics are presented. The study is focused on finding words expressing axiological aspect of investigated concept in the novel. Special attention is paid to the analysis and identification of the semantic field of the dominant concept and identification of its core and close and far periphery.

The aim of the present article is the study of a lexical-semantic field of the emotional concepts smile, laugh. Through the analysis of the lexemes representing the concepts the peculiarities of these verbalized mental constructions are revealed. Consideration has been given to the most vivid representations which illustrate the influence of extralinguistic factors and showcase the variety of the concepts’ verbalization. The data taken from the dictionaries will make it possible to mark the kernel and the periphery of smile, laugh for the lexical description of the specified concepts at all levels, from words and collocations to idioms and phraseological units.

The article deals with common and specific features of aviation terminology formation and basic means of its translation from English into Russian. Particular emphasis is put on different processes and means of term building, which determine their formation and functioning at the modern stage of language development. Certain regularities in professional English and Russian aviation terminology are singled out. The analysis shows that terms in professional vocabulary can be regarded as a proof of similarity in processes of word building and formation of word combinations in Modern English and Russian languages.

. The study based on F. Kafka's letters is focused on the personal concept loneliness the analysis of which reveals the author’s intentionality as the attitude to the state of loneliness. Verbalization of the author’s personal concept is studied. His conscious (intention) and unconscious (emotional sensitivity) choice of linguistic and speech means, expressing loneliness as emotive-cognitive scheme of personal concept which can be represented by formulae: vmX(P), v - variable, m - multiplicity, X - vehicle of intentional feeling, P - loneliness and its propositional correlates is analysed.

The article presents the results of etymological and linguistic analysis of ‘winged words’ which have basic characteristics of popular sayings used in Friedrich Schiller’s works. The author examines the different approaches to the concept of “saying” and proposes his definition of this term. The article gives the structural-semantic analysis of set phrases of sayings type, dating back to the works of Schiller. The factors of idiomaticity for German sayings of literary origin are identified. For the first time the total number of ‘winged words’ of Friedrich Schiller, which have contributed to the golden fund of German literary language sayings, is defined: according to the author’s estimates there are 270 units.

The article deals with the problem of difference between the verbs do and make from a new point of view, that is, why it was do which became at first an auxiliary verb and then a substitute word for practically every verb. Although, both verbs have the same meaning basically, do has acquired certain functions which make does not perform. The author supposes that there is a fundamental semantic difference between the given verbs, which emerged as far back as the Old English period. Different semes in the basis of etymology of the given verbs contribute to the solution of the problem.

The article studies the mechanism of recreating a visual image of a painting with a verbal image of an art commentary and analyses the connection of key elements in a creolized text. The main features of recreating an image are classified according to formal criteria (single word - phrase - sentence - text) and to the meaning they infer (art commentaries to paintings of different genres). Special attention is paid to stylistic features of the text.

The process of forming ‘telescoped’ words in the modern English substandard vocabulary is becoming more and more popular way of word formation. The analysis of theoretical works helped the authors to define the key terms. The method of structural analysis of components allowed to define peculiar cases of forming telescoped derivatives in English substandard vocabulary and give their detailed description. These models are illustrated by a number of examples. Special cases include: spelling, phonetic, morphological, grammar peculiarities; broken sequence of components; use of proper nouns, word combinations, set expressions and idioms as components of telescoped derivatives.

The article is devoted to the gender correctness and implementation of this concept in juridical texts of German speaking countries (Germany, Switzerland, Austria). A juridical text must be clear, unambiguous and unequivocal that is why the issues of the gender correctness in the texts of this type attract a great interest. The focus is placed on those linguistic means of the German language which help to convey the idea of the gender equality. Texts in which these linguistic means are used are correct from the gender point of view. The analysis of the presented linguistic means shows an evident trend of juridical texts towards the gender correctness.

The article deals with the ways of reforming contemporary German from gender perspective. The author analyses Aspekte and Ziel - textbooks of German as a foreign language - as a reflection of the present-day changes in German society and language. Particular attention is drawn to gender asymmetries as well as gender stereotypes represented in the textbooks. On the basis of comparative analysis of the textbooks implementation of the gender policy in them is evaluated and assessed. The analysis has shown that at present it is too early to make conclusions about the results of gender-related reforms in the German language or about successful implementation of initiatives to reform and update textbooks to promote gender equality.

The article addresses problems of diglossic texts translation. The definition of diglossia is given. The purpose of the study is to find out how the language phenomena which are considered to be the most difficult for translation can be conveyed in another language accurately and adequately. Examples of diglossia functioning in society are presented. Diglossic texts are considered as a mirror of linguistic social situation. Some possible ways of diglossic text analysis are given. The author explains the necessity of preliminary text analysis for adequate translation of language domains.

‘Quasi-modals’ which are a high frequency modal means in English do not exist in the Russian language. It follows that translation of this type of modality into Russian requires finding ways and means to provide adequate translation. The purpose of the study is to analyse the frequency of modals and modal predicates used by Russian translators as equivalents of English quasi-modal ‘have to’. The author evaluates translation variants of the most frequent English quasi-modal in the Russian corpus of memoirs texts and analyses how representative the translation is.

In the article the types of rhyme in the poetry of R.M. Rilke and their counterparts in Russian translations (1912-2001) are discussed. The focus is on so-called trite rhymes represented mainly through auxiliary words. There are four main types of these rhymes typical for Rilke's poetics. The strategies used by translators when recreating the poems of R.M. Rilke in Russian are analyzed. The originals and the translations made by A. Bisk, A. Deuch, G. Zabezhinski, T. Silman, K. Bogatyryov, S. Petrov, M. Pikkel, V. Averbookh, V. Letuchiy and many others Russian translators are compared.

This article presents the comparative analysis of communicative strategies, used in Australian English and the French language. In the article different ways of cross-cultural communication, categories of politeness and factors influencing a successful cross-cultural dialogue are identified and classified. The analysis of communication in everyday life allows to single out features of local culture-specific concepts in Australian English and in the French language. The linguistic research showed the factors that influence the involvement of cultural concepts in the informal and familiar styles of different structures. It also specifies the role and the origin of a common cultural space for different ethnic groups in the framework of globalization and cultural drift.

The dictionary (Kakzanova EM. English-Russian-German Dictionary of international eponyms: names and origin. From A to Z) in question is examined as a lexicographic issue that fixes specific lexical units formed from proper names and existing in the wordstock of several languages as a means of nominating certain notions. While analysing the vocabulary and the structure of the dictionary named, it is pointed out that it is the first time that international eponyms. The article highlights that the book under examination can be of interest to representatives of various scientific fields. This dictionary can be used as a school-book in teaching Russian, English and German languages. Factual information the dictionary contains can serve as linguistic material for lecture development within the framework of such courses.