Aim. To describe the grammatical properties of the subject and object of the sentence, which influence the choice of appropriate modal form in German and Russian.

Methodology. 200 examples selected from the German DWDS and DECOW 16A corpus, the National Corpus of the Russian Language, have been analyzed. To identify the grammatical properties of the subject and object in sentences with modal markers, the descriptive method, the comparative method and the method of component analysis were used.

Results. It is shown that in German and Russian, the choice of the form of expression of deontic and dispositional modal meanings determines the activity/passivity of the subject. In German, it is embedded in the semantics of a modal verb, in Russian – in the structure of a sentence with a root modal meaning. In the Russian language, the choice of the expression form of a voluntary modal meaning also depends on the grammatical properties of the object.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained contribute to the development of the issue of the modal and aspectual potential of impersonal sentences. The practical significance lies in the fact that the observations made can be used in theoretical and practical classes on the comparative typology of German and Russian languages and grammar of the German language.

Aim. Identification and description of the metaphorical model “INVESTMENT PHENOMENON IS A NATURAL PHENOMENON” in the English investment discourse, defining the functions of the studied metaphors as a powerful cognitive tool for representing and creating knowledge.

Methodology. In the course of the study, a frame-slot analysis of a metaphorical model, component and definitional types of analysis of lexical units were used to build the studied metaphorical model.

Results. As a result of the study of empirical material, the frame-slot structure of the model under study was identified and described, including the frames “Space phenomena”, “Air phenomena”, “Earth / Landscape”, “Water phenomena” and “Natural disasters”. The categorizing and pragmatic function of the studied metaphor is shown.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of this research lies in replenishing the system of knowledge about the functioning of metaphor in scientific discourse. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in courses in general linguistics, stylistics, lexicology, and cognitive linguistics.

Aim. To study and define the British phenomenon “understatement”.

Methodology. The main methods of research are descriptive and structural methods, component and definitional analysis.

Results. The study revealed that understatement represents a nationally specific communicative category which contains the attitudes and rules of speech behavior of the British and participates in the regulation of the communicative process. Understatement has a certain structure and includes verbal and non-verbal means of expressing communicative content aimed at harmonious, conflictfree communication.

Research implications. The theoretical significance lies in a clear definition of the British phenomenon “understatement”, identification of its speech strategies, linguistic and extralinguistic ways of expression. The practical significance lies in the possibility to use the results of the research in lecture courses in theory of intercultural communication, stylistics and general linguistics.

Aim. To study the perception of metaphors which are used to introduce customer focus as a value in the corporate discourse of modern Russian organizations.

Methodology. The study used the sociolinguistic survey method based on the author's original questionnaire. The obtained data were interpreted from the standpoint of linguistics and psychology. In total, 150 people from 50 cities of the Russian Federation took part in the survey, the average age of respondents is 45.

Results. It has been established that the metaphor “customer focus is theater” is rejected, while the metaphor “customer focus is love” is preferred by the correspondents. It is confirmed that at the present moment the definition of customer focus is undergoing changes associated with the reconsideration of the main customer service values.

Research implications. The results obtained contribute to research field of cognitive metaphor as a tool of speech influence, also making it possible to clarify the semantic relationships between the concepts under study.

Aim. To establish the relevant features underlying the division of reflexives into semantic types, followed by a comprehensive description of reflexives of the onomasiological type.

Methodology. The main research method was descriptive method, which includes methods of generalization, systematization, classification, as well as elements of contextual and functional-pragmatic analysis.

Results. It was revealed that reflexives are divided into two basic semantic types: reflexives of the semasiological type and reflexives of the onomasiological type. In the process of studying reflexives of onomasiological type, the grounds for their subsequent semantic classification into the following groups were developed: reflexives of hesitation, reflexives of evaluation, reflexives of correction.

Research implications. This research clarified the problems of semantic typology of metalanguage comments, and determined the grounds for dividing reflexives into semantic types.

Aim. To establish the integral and differential principles of the linguistic design of the business discourse of German and English.

Methodology. Analysis and modeling of discursive events is carried out on the basis of descriptive and comparative methods, as well as structure analysis and interpretation of information in business discourse when decomposing discourse and discursive events into constituents for their detailed study.

Results. As a result of applying a systematic approach to business discourse, the studied problems were considered as an integral complex of phenomena, analysis of facts in their totality and interrela tion. The presented analysis of discursive events, which fully reflect some specific characteristics of the employment discourse and are an integral part of the discursive structure of employment, most voluminously represents the multi-genre nature of discourse and the variety of discursive actions.

Research implications. The theoretical and/or practical significance of the research lies in the substantiation of the concept of business discourse as a professional institutional education. The practical significance of the work is determined by the possibility of applying the results obtained in various sections of linguistics. Their application will be useful in training future linguists with the latest trends in written communication.

Aim. To identify the peculiarities of the origin of Russian and Chinese words in the context of the formation of the linguistic worldview of Russian and Chinese ethnic groups.

Methodology. The origin of words in the Russian and Chinese languages has been studied in the context of completely different scientific approaches, conditioned by the European and Chinese linguistic tradition. In the Russian language the origin of words is dealt with by the special discipline of etymology, while in Chinese – hieroglyphology. In this article the author compares the nomination mechanisms of native and borrowed words in the Russian and Chinese languages, and establishes the influence of the vocabulary origin on the formation of the Russian and Chinese worldview.

Results. The origin of words, namely the analysis of the objects and phenomena nomination principles in the Russian and Chinese languages helps to understand the way of thinking and the features of the worldview peculiar to the Russians and Chinese. Close linguistic and cultural contacts between the Russian language and European languages have contributed to the active acquisition of foreign vocabulary and borrowing of the methods of etymological vocabulary analysis developed in European linguistics. The isolation of Chinese culture explains the minimal borrowing of foreign vocabulary by the Chinese language and the use of hieroglyphics as a system of reflecting the peculiar worldview of the Chinese people. The article attempts to analyse the origin of vocabulary as the basis of linguistic thinking and culture in general.

Research implications. The results of the study help to strengthen the understanding of the origin of words and their influence on the formation of the linguistic worldview of the Russian and Chinese ethnic groups.

Aim. To analyze the problems of inconsistency of terms-names of parts of speech in Russian, English and Chinese considering their etymology, semantics and external form.

Methodology. The article mainly uses descriptive and comparative research methods.

Results. The paper identifies some controversial issues emerging in modern linguistic science and reflecting the discussions of researchers about the essence and expediency of some terms denoting parts of speech in Russian, English, and Chinese linguistics. Particular attention is paid to the names of the verb and its main forms (participles and adverbs) in grammars of the designated languages. In addition, the work clearly shows the difficulties which the translator may face in transmitting these terms in Russian, English and Chinese.

Research implications. The author of the article offers some recommendations on the prevention of errors in translation and work with scientific texts on grammar; clearly and argumentatively points out the differences in the use of terms meaning the same parts of speech in Chinese, English and Russian; and shows that the language type can influence the design of terms denoting parts of speech. Through the translation of the parts of speech terms in the languages under consideration, the article reveals certain difficulties in the trend of gradual internationalization of scientific knowledge and, at the same time, the development of local scientific research in different countries. The results of this study can be useful in compiling dictionaries, manuals for teaching foreign languages and in further research in the field of terminology and linguistics in general.

Aim. To study national and cultural features of phraseological units with the meaning of “praise / Lob” on the material of Russian and German languages.

Methodology. The systematization of the empirical base was conducted through the descriptive method; illustrative examples of the phraseological units were identified using the method of continuous selection from the national corpora of Russian and German languages; the national and cultural features of the phraseological units were established with the use of cultural-linguistic analysis; the study and description of the languages (Russian and German) through their systematic comparison was conducted by means of comparative analysis to reveal their specificity.

Results. The national and cultural features of the phraseological units with the meaning of “praise / Lob” were identified by means of cultural-linguistic analysis on the material of the Russian and German languages. It has been proven that the positive evaluative component of praise / Lob in the semantics of the phraseological units does not indicate its stability, furthermore, a negative evaluation sign and diffusion of evaluative meaning of most phraseological units in both Russian and German languages are fixed.

Research implications. The main results of the research contribute to the further improvement of the theory and practice of language teaching, contrastive phraseology and the lexicographic activity of creating dictionaries of special types, in this case it is the inclusion into the dictionary entry of a comment on the national and cultural specifics of the phraseological unit.

Aim. To substantiate sacredness as a text forming category on the material of English religious texts.

Methodology. The methods of definitive, interpretative and linguo-stylistic analysis have been applied.

Results. The main result of the research is substantiation of sacredness as a text forming category in religious communication. The notions of sacred and religious texts have been differentiated, their structural and meaning interaction being treated within the frame of intext and intertext respectively. Gnoseological contextualization of sacredness has been suggested as a ground for religious texts classification, and linguistic analysis of one of the identified groups has been carried out. The notion of intext has been treated as an instrumental unit in analyzing language material. Given the type of sacred knowledge represented by intexts, their classification has been proposed: sacral-onomatological, sacral-imperative, and sacral-eschatological texts. The ways of text formation in liturgical, hagiographical, and theological texts have been described.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of the paper consists in the development of the derivational linguistics in the context of text studies. The obtained results may be used in teaching text linguistics disciplines as well as theolinguistics.

Aim. To describe the semiotic and conceptual parameters of the ancient myth represented in the nomination of a medicinal plant.

Methodology. The main way of using ancient mythonyms in the secondary nomination in the process of reference is described in the paper. The essential properties of the initial referent are identified and transferred to the object of the secondary nomination (in our case, the name of a medicinal plant). The process of reference between a new common meaning of the word and the image of an anthropomorphic ancient god or hero is traced. It is noted that the name taken from mythology in the nomination of a medicinal plant represents the plot of the myth with the help of various motivational features that can be interpreted by the recipient on the basis of extralinguistic knowledge or various associations. The semiotic analysis, semantic analysis and linguocultural analysis were used in the work.

Results. It is shown that various types of mythonyms are involved into the process the mythologeme semiotization (the plot of the ancient myth), thus creating an objective idea of the corresponding precedent phenomenon, which is activated in the medicinal plant nomination. At the same time ancient mythonyms participate in the secondary nomination, that is, in the process of reference of the actualized names to the objects of reality (in our case, to the name of a medicinal plant). It is concluded that mythonym as an anthroponymic code of culture is involved in the semiotization of the mythologeme in the nomination of a medicinal plant.

Research implications. The results of the research contribute to the study of the ancient myth specifics as part of the linguistic picture of the world, which consists in representation of a certain fragment of culture through the nomination of a medicinal plant.

Aim. To review literary and artistic texts in English and French, containing special vocabulary, in order to determine their genre status, as well as to identify the features of interlingual transmission techniques.

Methodology. The work uses a complex methodology within the framework of the comparative method as a general area of research: a descriptive method based on observation and analysis of illustrative material; comparative method for comparing elements of source and translated texts; general and special linguistic methods – semantic and contextual analysis in the analysis of the text environment of the studied vocabulary; component analysis in the interpretation of actualized and contextual meanings; sociological techniques – normative and stylistic characteristics, indicating national (social) affiliation; linguistic and cultural characteristics as a reflection of extralinguistic reality at the stage of text interpretation by a translator.

Results. The notion of literary genre, which correlates with the notion of artistic style, has been clarified. The genre of the novel is characterized according to its belonging to the literary genre, the method of constructing the artistic image, the volume and complexity of the storyline of the work. Subgenres are distinguished on a thematic basis. The presence of a layer of thematically marked vocabulary can be considered as the main distinguishing feature of the subgenre. In the novel by J. Kessel under study “Le lion” (“The Lion”), the vocabulary of ethnographic themes reflects the realities of the Kenyan natural park, contributing to the reader's involvement in the conflict of intertextual events effect creation. According to this parameter, the text studied in the article can be attributed to a complex subgenre of thematically marked adventure literature.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of the results of the study is in clarification and correlation of the concepts of genre/subgenre and identification of the status characteristics of thematically marked literary and artistic texts. The practical significance lies in use of the results obtained and the processed factual material in teaching practice and theoretical disciplines in translation, cultural studies of English and French at different levels of education.

Aim. To distinguish the concepts of interdit/ interdiction in the analysis of legal texts and regulatory legal acts, as well as to determine their functioning features in the highly professional French legal discourse. The peculiarities of legal discourse are of the greatest interest for research, since laws and legal acts reflect dynamically developing life realities and phenomena in society.

Methodology. The material for the study was international information resources, law texts, articles in French selected through continuous sampling. Descriptive and comparative methods with the techniques of linguistic observation, comparison, etc. were used in the analysis of factual material.

Results. As a result of the conducted research, the differences and peculiarities of the functioning of the concepts interdit/ interdiction in the legal texts of the French language in the period 2018-2021 were revealed.

Research implications. The results obtained in the study of the legal concepts of interdit/ interdiction and their functioning contribute to the theory of linguistics, and combined with the factual material selected for the study can be used in teaching such university disciplines as “Lexicology of the French language”, “Stylistics of the French language”, “Practical course of the French language”, etc.