Some aspects of the notions ‘the theory of translation’, ‘the conception of translation’, ‘the translational tradition’, ‘the views on translation’, etc., used in the research on history of translation and translational thought, are discussed in the article. It is mentioned, that some authors don't make any substantial differentiation between these terms, so they may have different meaning in translatology studies. The present paper represents an attempt to analyze the mentioned terms and to establish their specificity, mainly with reference to the Middle Ages period.

The present paper considers the meaning of the notion "business press", validates the relevance of high-quality Anglo-American business press and gives a brief critical summary of changes and transformations which the business press genres, format, topics, language and style have undergone up to now. Special emphasis is placed upon the tendency of the press language to anthropocentricity implemented by the linguistic means of subjective modality and language play, in particular regarding the play with intertextual elements: quotations, allusions and reminiscences. The result of the conducted analysis is recapped in the conclusion of the paper.

The paper describes the study of cognitive metaphors. An attempt to formulate the precise criteria of this figurative device implementation is undertaken. The author considers the various ways of adequate transfer of metaphors from the source language into translation language on the basis of cognitive links between the basic language elements in the framework of cognitive linguistics. Thus, the cognitive metaphor is considered as an integral part of human cogitative activity possessing at the same time language sign characteristics, which are realized when figurativeness is implemented in the text.

Formation of terms in typologically unrelated languages is different. In the article examples of prefixal and suffixal formation of medical terms are analyzed depending on the type of the stem - Korean words, Chinese loanwords and words loaned from European languages. The analysis has shown that, opposed to tendencies of word-formation in general literary language, prefixal and suffixal ways of word-formation in medical terminology have equal frequency.

This article provides an overview of current linguistic trends concerning the study of emotions. Special attention is paid to Volgograd scientific school of emotions linguistics, emotiology science, and the results that have been achieved. The article highlights a number of problems facing scientists in the study of emotions, an overview of the major research papers studying the "emotional" in the language, both well-known postulates and controversial questions in the theory of emotions. The article also dwells on the study of emotions from the point of view of anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, ecological linguistics.

The article discusses the concept of taboo, which was first born from myths and belief in supernatural forces. The paper refers to the Japanese myths about the origin of the world, faith in the gods as well as the intermediaries between men and gods - shamans and priestesses, who knew special rituals to communicate with the other world. The paper presents a detailed linguistic analysis of ancient Japanese taboo words that were used by the priestesses in the temple complex of Ise in ancient period. The general conclusion is that language taboos are an example of language replacement and innovations process.

In the XXI century truncation or clipping has become one of the most productive ways of enriching French vocabulary. The study presented in the article is focused on the analysis of neologisms found in authentic press texts in 2009-2014. Clipping is actively used in modern French, so the study of this phenomenon is very important nowadays. The scientific basis of forming truncated words is the law of the minimal effort and the principle of linguistic economy. The research has allowed to establish that the clipping is one of the most productive models of word formation in modern French language.

The research aims at finding out the types of word-formation, common and different for onomastic neologistic realia (ONR) used in English and French television discourse. The author outlines the characteristics that make television discourse an object of linguistic study. The author offers a definition of ONR and gives a list of television programmes, which served as the source of material for the article. Word-formation processes typical of the English and French ONR are compared. The analysis is illustrated by corresponding examples. The most significant points of the analysis are summed up in the conclusion.

This research is prompted by the rapid scientific and technical progress in the last two decades, developing new ways of selling products, expansion of contacts between people. The terminology of marketing contains a great deal of shortened words and the number of such words is increasing. The article is devoted to the analysis of the types of abbreviation in word-formation of marketing and Internet-marketing terms in the French language. The author singles out the most productive means of abbreviation and outlines their characteristics.

The article is concerned with the study of newspaper headlines, that have the form of two-member sentences, from the point of view of their semantics. Describing the results the author uses the notions of autosemantics/synsemantics (structural and notional). The analysis allows to determine the autosemantics / synsemantics degree of these headlines. This degree can vary depending on the functions of the headline. In the article the main types of headlines are defined according to their links with the body of the published text. The character of these links has an impact on the degree of the newspaper headline semantic autonomy.