No 5 (2017)
8-19 61
Abstract
The article is devoted to one of the current issues related to the concepts of "personality" and "linguistic personality" - a reflection of the personality development process through the language. The most frequently used lexical means, which can show the dynamics of personality development have been singled out in the English texts and Russian translations. The activity degree of selected linguistic units in the original texts and the degree of their equivalence and activity in the translation are defined.
20-39 62
Abstract
The article is devoted to transdisciplinarity as a characteristic feature of certain terminological systems. The material for the research is taken from the terminological systems of several spheres of scientific knowledge, namely, biology, military science, medicine, politics, etc. The peculiarities of interaction between recipient terminological systems and donor terminological systems are considered, the latter (donor ones) are characterized by transdisciplinarity. The author comes to the conclusion that transdisciplinarity can be realized uniformly in different languages, it is not identical with the notion of interdisciplinarity and is different from reterminologization.
40-47 65
Abstract
The article is devoted to the research of the intercultural approach to literary translation, its theoretical substantiation, sphere, relevancy of its use. This approach to translation is based on the linguacultural thesis on the connection between language and culture and the principle of parity in the equality of languages in the process of interlingual communication. The emphasis is placed on the representation of a fictitious reality in a literary work as one of the features of artistic translation.
48-53 52
Abstract
The article analyzes the fractal principle of rhyme organization in the poem “Toads” by F. Larkin. We define rhyme fractal as a rhyme organization of the poetic text in which the whole system is similar to each of its parts. In synergetic aspect the fractal rhyme system of the poem “Toads” can be represented by the model “figures of enclosing eights”, where the upper and lower parts stand for the rhyming scheme ab, ab. The creative attractor is “opposition”. The revealed fractal rhyme model reflects the semantic organization of the poem.
54-66 68
Abstract
The article deals with the issue of studying the cognitive potential of metaphorical constructions of Kipling's poetic discourse in the poem ‘The Ballad of East and West’ in the original. By means of a retrospective analysis, scientific research of metaphorical constructions in linguistics is carried out to systematize and generalize the data; a philosophical view on relations between West and East is presented as well. In the framework of cognitive discourse analysis, zoomorphic, sociomorphic and artifact metaphors in Kipling’s poem are highlighted and described and on this basis the key concepts are identified and frame-slot links in them are established to find out the main semantic content of the studied poetic discourse. In the article Kipling’s individual view on the relationships between Western and Eastern cultures is described, moreover, his recommendations how to make the relations harmonic are also implicitly present in the metaphors of the poem. The conclusions and results of the work may open new opportunities to interpret Kipling’s metaphors; besides they can help to review and change the traditional image of the writer.
67-76 77
Abstract
The article studies the issue of the meaning of words and word structural components borrowed from Latin and defined as ‘latinisms’. It is pointed out that, being elements of a dead language, latinisms nevertheless can be found in lexical and word-building systems of modern national languages, however, they do not disappear in course of time, but acquire new meanings and shades of meanings and become polysemantic. Latin polysemantic lexemes appear to be able to function as special language means (terms and terminological elements) nearly in all languages for specific purposes serving for professional communication in various branches of science. It has been found out that many of the polysemantic words meanings, already functioning in a language, have not been fixed in lexicographic sources.
77-84 42
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to describe the approach to standardization of scientific and technical terminology. This approach consists in the direct and reverse translation of the Russian term into a foreign, specifically, English, language and the subsequent reverse translation into Russian. In case of coincidence of the original and the result of a double translation of the term, the latter is supposed to be consistent with the internationally accepted terminology. The Levenshtein distance was used to determine the coincidence / misalignment between the original term and the term resulting from direct and reverse translation. The possibility of choosing the best Russian term among the synonymous or converse phrases is shown. The distribution method using PMI (Pointed mutual information) metrics is applied for assessing the semantic proximity of terms. The results of the research show the prospects of using the machine translation system for standardization of scientific and technical terminology, in particular, in the field of psychology. Standardization in this case is understood as consistency with the international, particularly English terminology.
85-96 120
Abstract
This article studies general linguistic characteristics of Internet discourse at the modern stage of development. By applying the comparative method and analytical approaches, firstly, differentiation between discourses of different types: virtual, computer, electronic, online and Internet, is made. Then general characteristics of internet discourse language and of some genres are described. As the result of the research, the main specific linguistic features of the discourse in the genre of microblog and social nets of different communication programmes are presented. The author comes to the conclusion that modern Internet discourse is a complex conglomerate of various functional styles and forms of speech with their own peculiarities.
97-107 63
Abstract
The article deals with a specifically selected group of verbs, which are realized in the formulation of verbocentrism in the German language. The main direction of the research consists of analysis through modeling the semantic actualization. This is intended to facilitate the study of the formation of initial mechanisms, which form the basis of verbocentrism in the modern German language, in terms of identifying the general onomasiological model of structuring. The author gives generalized characteristics in terms of the verbally marked semantics of the language as a result of integration of meanings in the process of actualizing the verb in a paradigmatic and syntagmatic way.
108-119 45
Abstract
The article deals with constant semantic components of attributive word combinations in the English poetry of the XVI, XVII and XIX centuries. The author sees fit to use Roget’s Thesaurus to formalize semantic classification of the vocabulary of a poetic text corpus. The paper contains the description of some semantic constants of the selected attributive combinations; using quantitative data the author makes conclusions about their productivity and diachronic stability. Starting with a semantic constant of attributive word combination the author identifies elements of poetic formulaic constructions.
120-132 122
Abstract
The author of the article presents and describes a number of factors influencing the process of collocation formation in the English language. Knowing these factors is very important and necessary for correct comprehension, memorization and usage of these collocations to perform successful communication. The article presents a comparison study of collocation units and their behavior, as well as the division of these collocations into groups based on the level of frequency of these collocation units and the degree of their synonymy. On the basis of wide range of examples from linguistic corpus the author identifies collocates typical of each of the groups and attempts to prove that collocations do not always appear spontaneously in the language. The results of the provided analysis show that the formation of collocations in the English language does not happen only in accordance with grammar, syntax and lexicology rules, but is also stipulated by semantics of the node, the speech etymology and semantic prosody.
133-140 91
Abstract
In the article the author analyses means of verbal expression of psychologically conditioned negative emotions. He also reveals, compares and systemizes means of verbal realization of negative emotions in the modern communicative world of the Russian and English languages, as well as identifies the most effective means of expressing this kind of emotions in both languages. The conducted research allows the author to state that national stereotypes of communication and their verbalization presented as national language formulae facilitate the process of communication and make it more effective.
141-149 85
Abstract
Anaphoric units play key role in text cohesion. While mechanics of representation of nouns by pronouns are well investigated, verbal anaphora still remains insufficiently studied. In this article, the French verb faire is analysed as a universal anaphoric verb. Results of studying fiction texts and lexicographic material in French allowed the author to work out his own definition of verbal anaphora in general, and in particular of adequate verbal anaphora. The author singles out semantic identity / non-identity as the criterion which distinguishes adequate and non-adequate verbal anaphora. The potential of representation of a verb or a group of verbs by anaphoric verb faire, the possibility of combining it with pronominal complement or / and adverbial modifiers, as well as the phraseological use of anaphoric verb faire are also investigated. As a result of the investigation, the author presents anaphoric potential of French verb faire, and defines its syntagmatic and idiomatic peculiarities.
150-155 67
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to identify the formal features, lexico-grammatical and syntactic characteristics of the structure of interrogative sentences with si expressing the assumption of reasonability (desirability) of the action, as well as to determine the meaning and grammatical status of the element si, depending on the general meaning of the sentences introduced by it. The aim is to determine the influence of the communicative purpose of si clauses on the expression of assumption meaning, to establish the relationship between their modal value and the intended purpose, taking into account the role of the context and the situation.
156-163 106
Abstract
The subject of the article are French slogans using neologisms. The article provides a consistent analysis of productive word formation models: antonomasia and blending (telescoping) in terms of attracting readers’ attention. The principal method used in the research is the descriptive method, which includes observation, comparison, generalization, quantitative analysis and context analysis. The most important task of the slogan is to attract readers’ attention and make them to continue reading. The author comes to the conclusion that the analyzed neologisms enhance the involvement of personality in slogans, build up dialogue between the author and the potential readers, contribute to the escalation of the intrigue.
164-169 108
Abstract
The article presents analysis of Russian and German phraseological units with the somatic unit representing ideas of deception in the linguistic world-image. Russian phraseological units with the somatic units нос, глаз, палец, ухо, зуб and German ones with the somatic units Nase, Ohr, Daumen, Auge are analysed. Cognitive criteria of the concept “deception” and metaphoric models are highlighted and described, universal and culture-bound peculiarities of the representation of the concept «deception» in Russian and German linguistic world-images are shown.
170-180 74
Abstract
The subject of the article are characteristics of modern Vietnamese anthroponyms, which are compared with analogous systems of Russian and English languages from the point of view of the category of identity. In this aspect the ternary structure of anthroponym is analysed. The functions of its elements are different in the languages under consideration. Special attention is given to the frequency of usage of Vietnamese personal names, specific character of their gender, causes of elements migration inside the anthroponym and the role of the social factor in the usage of its components. The analysis is based on the method of the comparative typology.
ISSN 2949-5059 (Print)
ISSN 2949-5075 (Online)
ISSN 2949-5075 (Online)