Aim. The study lays the basics of a new theory according to which political irony is regarded as the inherent characteristics and integral part of communication in the modern world of politics. The objective of the current study is to establish link between ethnic style and pragmatic side, i.e. cultural/ communicative values and irony functions, mechanisms and language means.

Methodology. The paper focuses on political irony as a discursive practice and regards it as a characteristic feature of English political discourse. The fragments of modern English political speeches (2014–2024) of D. Cameron, B. Johnson, R. Sunak, D. Trump, J. Biden and others (from YouTube resource) make the base for the detailed analysis. The research is conducted via the following methods: the method of intent analysis; the method of content analysis; the method of discourse analysis (mainly CDA – critical discourse analysis), social role analysis, genre analysis and analysis of communication strategies.

Results. The findings prove the initial hypothesis about the interrelation of national and cultural peculiarities, individual characteristics of the politician and situational context. These aspects influence the nature of English discursive irony, the frequency of ironic statements and their functions, as well as an extensive set of linguistic means. Irony is regarded as a strategy of political discourse, which follows and operates within the mainstream strategy of theatricality. Political irony is implemented through a considerable number of discursive tactics that create variable ironic images. The results of the politicians’ speeches analysis show that different tactics can be used to fulfill a single strategy. The choice of the tactics is based on the “friend–foe” (aka “us-them”) opposition, the specific features of the ethnic style and the individual style of the politician’s speech portrait.

Research implications. The paper opens new perspectives in political linguistics for developing the classification of ironic images as situational or emotional. The scheme for the analysis can be applied in further studies in the field of political linguistics and ethnostylistics. 

Aim. To identify the most effective and frequent means of speech influence within the syntactic and phraseological levels of the linguistic hierarchy in the discourse of modern anti-Russian propaganda deployed by the Western countries and Ukraine.

Methodology. The study provides the analysis of the media articles in English, German and Ukrainian languages for the period from February 24, 2022 to August 12, 2024 related to the special military operation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The following general scientific methods were used in the presented scientific project: discourse analysis, content analysis, continuous sampling technique, method of linguistic description and interpretation, cognitive and contextual analysis.

Results. The study reveals that the most frequent means of speech influence in anti-Russian propaganda are units of the syntactic level on the grounds of the pragmatic influencing potential of these units, as well as their ability to influence the perception of the situation by the recipient.

Research implications. The article identifies the manipulative speech means influencing pragmatic potential of anti-Russian propaganda in the Western and Ukrainian media. The analysis has revealed that the linguistic potential at the level of syntax and phraseology is an effective means of manipulative influence. The result of this research can serve in the development of a manual on productive measures to counter anti-Russian propaganda carried out by the media of the West and Ukraine within the framework of propaganda discourse. 

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of neural machine translation (NMT) for military texts of various styles in English and Vietnamese, identifying its advantages and limitations.

Methodology. An experiment was conducted with NMT systems (Google Translate, ChatGPT, Gemini) and a comparative analysis of their translations against those of professional translators. Quality was assessed based on content accuracy, terminological precision, stylistic consistency, and error rates.

Results. The study shows that NMT ensures high speed and acceptable quality for scientific and official texts but encounters difficulties with literary and conversational texts requiring stylistic expressiveness.

Research implications. This research clarifies the applicability of NMT, provides recommendations for its use in military translation, and highlights the need for domestic offline solutions to enhance translation quality and ensure data security. 

Aim. To investigate the conflict military and political discourse, in implementation of which the contrasting aspects of linguistics are integrated, being the components of the communicative activities of participants of social-verbal interaction.

Methodology. The conflict military and political environment is studied in a communicative situation as an forming specificity of values manifestations within a certain culture, development of the system of individual evaluation of participants of communication by opposite pragmatic vectors. Linguistic cultures are considered by the determinants of development of communicative activities of participants and discourse in general. The methodology of the research is based on a basic system and activity approach applied to the study of conflict military and political discourse. Cognitive and communicative, pragmatic and linguocultural methods are used as the main ones. The empirical material presented was reviewed using linguistic and component analysis methods in combination with opposing and comparative techniques.

 Results. Based on the study of the phenomenon of conflict military and political discourse in the communicative space of different linguistic cultures, the integrative element in the development of verbal and non-verbal actions of participants-opponents is revealed, which is the communicative potential of the implementation of opposite linguistic cultures in the actualization of cognitive strategies of constructing political discourse. In the course of the research, it was established that pragmatic indicators of communicative activity based on opposing cultural and value preferences act as characteristic features of conflict linguistic cultures in the role of means of communicative representation. The conflict is interpreted as a communicative phenomenon formed within the framework of the social-verbal interface of communicative activities, due to the significant difference in linguistic cultures, cultural worldviews and values of the participants in the discourse.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of the study is explained by the contribution to the scientific study of conflict discourse, based on research in the field of the conflict military and political discourse. The presented information allows to consider the conflict in the permissible reality of implementation of linguistic cultures, which is a determinant for the formation of communicative activities of the participants-opponents and the development of the conflict military and political discourse. 

Aim. To consider the phenomenon of laughter in the modern theoretical interpretation in the aspect of the need to identify gelotolinguistics as a new applied branch of linguistics.

Methodology. In the course of the work, a scientometrical approach was used to analyze scientific publications in recent years in the field of gelotology, the science of humor and its influence on various aspects of public life, justifying the distinction of gelotolinguistics, accumulating linguistic research in the field of laughter. In this connection, the scientific problem of substantiating gelotolinguistics, which studies the laughter language aspects in a circle of related paradigms, is put forward.

Results. The growing interest in understanding the phenomenon of laughter is illustrated. The metalanguage and nomenclature of the study are described. The communicative nature of laughter and its role in both intra- and intercultural translation are proved. It is emphasized that laughter is a component of consciousness, thinking at all linguistic levels: the language system, speech, text and, moreover, in the core of consciousness and in the lexical core through polystatus gelotives.

Research implications. The hypothesis of categorical unity (semiotics, communication and laughing ethics) underlying gelotolinguistics is put forward, indicating the most significant components that make up gelotolinguistics as a new applied branch of linguistics. Gelotives are distinguished as linguistic means of laughing reaction. The article substantiates the position that fiction and folklore are depositories of gelotives and representatives of gelotolinguistics: gelotic semantics, gelotic target, gelotic object, gelotive, polycode means of gelotivity, gelotic euphemisms, gelotic text structure, categorization of gelotic text, the phenomenon of gelotivity and gelotic competence, etc. Various concepts of laughter are analyzed, and the presence of laughter in human consciousness / thinking / speech activity is emphasized. The main problematic branches of gelotolinguistics, as well as its prospects, are listed. 

Aim. To analyze and study the stereotypes of thinking of a certain people, by studying the conceptual core of a certain language according to its paremic units, and also to compare the paremic units of different cultures to identify possible similarities and differences in their thinking stereotypes.

Methodology. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to analyze the research on the concepts of intercultural communication, the paremic unit and the paremic worldview; to study the features of the paremic worldview of Arabic, English and Russian speakers based on selected proverbs characterizing social relations; to identify the similarities and differences between the paremic worldview of Arabic, English and Russian speakers. First of all, the analysis of theoretical and methodological literature was carried out. The paremic units were selected by controlled selection in accordance with the indicated thematic groups, then a comparative analysis of equivalent paremic expressions of the three languages was carried out, which became the key method. Then, based on the linguistic and cultural analysis of the vocabulary of the selected paroemias, the peculiarities of the paremic worldview of speakers of Arabic, English and Russian languages were revealed.

Results. The necessity of studying the paremic units of foreign languages in order to avoid communicative difficulties in the process of intercultural communication is proved. The relevance of comparing the paremic worldview of speakers of different languages in general and individual paremic expressions in particular is substantiated.

Research implications. The study reveals a possibility to use the results obtained to improve the process of intercultural communication, and in addition, they can be used in translation studies for the correct translation of paremic units into different languages. 

Aim. To analyze comparative constructions and their functioning in the author's fairy tales by the Austrian writer F. Tegetthoff. The purpose of the work is to identify the linguistic features of the comparisons representation in the fairy tales by F. Tegetthoff on the basis of their functional and semantic characteristics and statistic data.

Methodology. The methods of the research are determined by its objectives: the analysis of theoretical positions on the issue, the method of continuous sampling of comparative constructions and their further systematization, contextual analysis, quantitative analysis, elements of component and conceptual analyses.

 Results. The process of realization of comparisons that are considered as one of the results of cognition of reality and its consolidation in culture in the author’s fairy tales by F. Tegetthoff is determined by the actualization possibility of these linguistic units at various language levels. The ways of linguistic expression of the relations under analysis, based on the certain conceptual foundations and used to fulfill the necessary functional-stylistic and communicative-pragmatic tasks, can be regarded as specific features of the German-speaking society linguistic consciousness as well as its cultural and conceptual worldview.

Research implications. The study develops the theory of the German-language discourse analysis, with special attention to the role of comparative constructions with respect to the linguistic worldview formation and its peculiarities. The practical significance of the research is determined by the possibility to use its results in the investigation of functional-semantic features of linguistic structures in Germanic languages, their genre-stylistic and communicative-pragmatic potential. 

Aim. The article is devoted to study the dynamics of transformation of the linguistic personality of a typical representative of modern French society on the material of European media coverage of the key events of public life in 2024 – the international song contest ‘Eurovision’, held in the Swedish city of Malmö, and the XXXIII Summer Olympic Games organized in the French capital, Paris.

Methodology. The author selected and analyzed the media reactions and the results of surveys of French citizens regarding the specifics of the Eurovision Song Contest and the Olympic Games 2024, their expectations and reality. The obtained results were compared with the key concepts-universalities, which are characteristic of the linguistic personality of a representative of modern French linguistic culture, which we consider as a reference construct of European civilization.

Results. The analysis of the material allows us to conclude that behavioral patterns adapted to the socio-cultural realities of the ‘New World Order’ are being actively introduced into the mass consciousness of the European population, including the French. New realities and ideological attitudes come into conflict with traditional values, amalgamating in the unified structure of the linguistic personality.

Research implications. The results of this study contribute to cognitive linguistics, discourse theory and axiology. The factual material presented in the article can be used for teaching both theoretical and practical disciplines of general and private linguistics, theory of intercultural communication.