Purpose is to research the dynamics of the states of linguistic consciousness of simultaneous interpreters given the changed level of stress. Methodology and Approach. The author analyzes scientific works on the altered states of consciousness (ASC) from the psychological and linguistic points of view, and of his own psycholinguistic experiment. He provides a psychological definition of this phenomenon and offers his view on this problem in terms of simultaneous interpretation activity. Results. The author provides described dynamics of the states of linguistic consciousness of simultaneous interpreters. He offers his own ASC definition based on the theoretical and empirical data. Theoretical and Practical implications. The author provides a summary of the theoretical and empirical ASC data, included in the simultaneous interpretation. The research results can be applied in theory and practice in simultaneous interpreters training.

Purpose. The article focuses on the analysis of public speach from the perspective of linguosynergetic approach and on interaction and functioning of various discourse components (verbal, suprasegmental, non-verbal). Methodology and Approach. The subject matter of this paper is functional analysis of top manager speeches in an American movie Wolf of Wall Street. Results. The analysis showed that a relatively stable and well-balanced system of presentations is transformed under the influence of functional fluctuations (intentional deviation from the norm, non-standard discourse history) and it receives a new semantic development. Theoretical and Practical implications. Theoretical and practical relevance of this research involves elaboration of range of speech strategic planning problems in terms of business discourse pragmatics and language manipulation theory.

Purpose. The aim of the paper is to describe the architecture of the volunteer explanatory - encyclopedic dictionary “Florence in the Works of World Famous People” based on the genius loci principle and since 2008 is being compiled by volunteer students from five countries and eleven Russian Universities. Methodology and Approach. The author makes lexicographic analysis of mega-, macro- and microstructure of the volunteer explanatory-encyclopedic dictionary devoted to Florence. The main dictionary sources are discovered, i.e. names of famous Italian and foreign creative persons whose work is connected with Florence (artists, writers, architects, musicians, etc.), who visited Florence since the XIII-th century up to now. Results. New directions in lexicography with special reference to modern volunteer projects are generalized. The author describes characteristic features of micro- and macrostructure architecture of the dictionary "Florence in the Works of World Famous People". Theoretical and Practical implications. A completely new type of reference book is introduced, which may be used, as a sample for further dictionary projects on other cultural and geographic territories.

Purpose. The unification of the grammatical rules of Hebrew is one of the main spheres of activities of the Academy of the Hebrew Language (Israel). The aim of the research presented in the article is to identify and classify the factors causing controversy in grammer rules Methodology and Approach. A detailed analysis of the rules formulated by the Academy was done. Different sections of Hebrew grammar, such as word formation, verb conjugation and Modern Hebrew orthography (plene spelling), have been described through formulated rules. The work on optimizing those rules is continued, including approximation of the language norm to usus. This work is carried out by a large team of professionals, a significant part of their effort is aimed to optimize rules of every section separately. Such process can lead to some contradictions between the optimal formulation of a rule in one section and its unaccounted influences on the rules in other sections. Results. In the framework of this particular research, a number of factors that lead to problematic formulations or controversial definitions was described. Theoretical and Practical implications. Both identifying these factors and detecting possible inaccuracies at the stage of creating new or correcting current rules can allow to considerably decrease the amount of such situations in future. This can simplify the work of the Academy of the Hebrew Language on creating precise and clear grammatical system of Modern Hebrew.

Purpose is to study the functions performed by multimodal components in Nick Hornby’s novel “Juliet, Naked”. Methodology and Approach. Using continuous sampling method the author extracted multimodal components from the novel, identified their graphic design characteristics and analyzed them within the text as a coherent whole. This has been achieved by means of general methods of scientific knowledge (observation, analysis and synthesis), textual and contextual analysis. The method of multimodal analysis has been applied to analyze the meanings of multimodal components. Results. The author concludes that multimodal components perform significant text-organizing functions; they ensure thematic coherence between separate text segments. The integration of multimodal components into the orthographically standardized text is pragmatically functional; it heightens the emotional and aesthetic impact on the recipient and creates the effect of authenticity. Theoretical and Practical implications lie in the further development of multimodal analysis as an effective text-interpretation tool and in using the study results in practical linguistic activities when analyzing fiction text structures.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to cognitively interpret the act of speaking, denoted metonymically and metaphorically by verbs, the basic meaning of which is not related to the act of speaking. The relevance of work is due to the insufficient study of the mentioned group of predicates and the lack of works on the analyzed units semantics. Meanwhile, these verbs have a great potential for describing the speech act. Thus, one of the features of the verbs under study is the absence of indication of the markedness of a particular emotion in their meaning. Methodology and Approach. To solve the research problems of selection, systematization and analysis of the material, a modern integrated methodology of the triangulation approach is used, which ensures a high validity of the results obtained. Results. The description of the semantics of the emotional-volitional verbs of speaking “ukhat'”, “akhat'”, “okhat'”, “oykat'” and, specifically, their ability to act as a representative of a speech act is the result of the study. Theoretical and Practical implications. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the proposed methodology for other lexical-semantic groups and other languages.

Purpose is to analyze the semantics of English phrasal verbs with the component “to chew”; to identify figurative phrasal verbs with the component “to chew” not registered in the dictionaries. Methodology and Approach. the analysis of six English-English and three English-Russian dictionaries was conducted to identify the phrasal verbs registered in them; the analysis of numerous publicistic texts in the NOW (News on the web) language corpus was conducted. The methods used in the study are the analysis of the semantic structure of a lexical unit according to dictionary definitions, corpus analysis, quantitative analysis. Results. The analysis of the dictionaries allowed us to identify four phrasal verbs registered in them, formed on the basis of the verb “to chew” (“to chew on”, “to chew out”, “to chew over”, “to chew up”). We identified five more phrasal verbs with the component “to chew” (“to chew through”, “to chew into”, “to chew away”, “to chew away at”, “to chew around ”), not yet registered in the dictionaries we studied. It is noted that the verb “to chew away” is registered only in one dictionary out of nine. The conducted study suggests that these verbs are united by a common meaning - “obtaining advantage, destroying the enemy or the object to which the action is directed”, each of them has a figurative meaning and its own spheres of use. Theoretical and Practical implications. It is in replenishing the knowledge about phrasal verbs of the English language with new ones (with figurative meanings), as well as in improving lexicographical practice.

Purpose. The article deals with the peculiarities of the case paradigm of the hunsryuk dialect of the German language functioning in the conditions of a language island as a means of inter-dialect communication among immigrants of German origin and their descendants in the southern States of Brazil. Methodology and Approach. The author, using the descriptive method and the method of comparative analysis, examines the specifics of the declination system of this dialect and factors that influenced its development in the new conditions. Results. The study found that the analytical tendencies peculiar to this dialect are also manifested in the case category. The author concludes that because of the unification and reduction of inflection in the singular and plural, the expression of grammatical case differences has shifted to the article, pronoun, preposition or adjective of strong declination. Theoretical and Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in various fields of linguistics: in the theory of the German language, German dialectology, in the theoretical development of problems of bilingualism and sociolinguistics. The article is addressed to specialists in the field of Germanic linguistics and dialectology.

Purpose. Detect interpretation methods and pragmatic aspects of meaning of figurative neological combinations. Methodology and Approach. The material of the research was selected by the author from the corpus of texts in genre of political essay and satirical article published in 2016-2019 by the method of continuous sampling. In communicative-pragmatic method framework, the approach of linguistic-cultural interpretation of a phraseological sign meaning in figurative neological combinations was applied. Results. The terminological basis of “neological combination” and “interpretation” concepts is generalized. The analysis detected pragmatic aspects of neological combinations meaning, interpreted by metaphor, metonymy, antonomasia and oxymoron. Theoretical and Practical implications. The author edited definitions of figurative neological combination and interpretation of neological combination. Material and results of the research can be used in courses of lexicology of French language.

Purpose. The article gives a brief overview of modern studies of gastronomic discourse. The aim is to identify the main means of representing the eccentricity of the name of magic sweets in a literary fairy tale and the interpretation of the unusual nominations. Methodology and Approach. The following methods of analysis were used: elements of descriptive analysis to describe the illustrative material to identify eccentricity elements in the names of the unusual sweets; the method of interpretation to reveal the nature or content of a trophonym for the subsequent definition of its functions and the method of quantitative analysis to specify quantitative data. Results. The use of extraordinary fairy-tale names of sweets has four functions: comic, entertaining and imagination development function, the fourth function is the implementation of idiostyle. Theoretical and Practical implications. The article will be of interest to researchers in the field of gastronomic discourse and mechanisms of comic and eccentric in children's English literary fairy tale.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse variants of expressing plurality in fairy tales and to systematize all possible ways of expressing plurality in German and Russian. Methodology and Approach. Possible ways of expressing the seme of plurality in fairy-tales have been analysed using the descriptive method, distributional method and linguistic comparative method. Results. The main results of the analysis confirm the importance of the case study in considering linguistic categories, and the characteristics of plurality category expression in fairy-tales translation, found in the analysis, will be of useful for linguists. Theoretical and Practical implications. It was found out that while translating a fairy-tale into another language the plurality can be changed as in constituents of the plurality field so in the word form or its function in the context

Purpose. The article is aimed at exploring functional peculiarities of intertextual references - both verbal, and nonverbal - in multisemiotic discourse of animated films, analysing their possible interpretation by native speakers and representatives of other cultures and potential localization problems of multimedia/audiovisual texts. Methodology and Approach. The authors attempt to analyse semantic and linguocultural losses occurring in translations of audiovisual transcript corpora and the direct and undesired effect they may have on intertext interpretation of multi-semiotic animated film texts. Results. The research of verbal and polycode material of Russian/English audiovisual texts of animated films revealed significant axiological losses common in translations, but also the ways to minimize them by means of different translation transformations. Theoretical and Practical implications. In the final part of our research we prove the theoretical rationale of the concept of multi-semiotic text of animated films and its discourse replete with intertextual references in the form of visual, sound, kinetic and other codes. The practical relevance of the following analysis includes constructive suggestions for the process of localization of audiovisual texts and their linguocultural peculiarities.

The purpose is to detect the peculiar character of Russian and French peoples' national mentalities on the basis of their perception of ethnic linguocultures. Methodology and Approach. The authors performed a comparative and linguistic-stylistic analysis of similar and distinctive features of the concepts “national mentality” and “national character”. Original works (prose and verse) by Russian and foreign authors were used in the course of the analysis. Results. The features of the French language culture in comparison with Russian have been singled out. The correct application of students' knowledge in a situation of intercultural communication is proved. Theoretical and Practical implications. The data received and summarized in the research helps to understand the national mentality and national character within the framework of various ethnic cultures. The results can be implemented in teaching the intercultural communication basics for increasing students' socio-pragmatic and cognitive levels in higher educational institutions.

Purpose. The main aim of this article is to determine the ways of semantical evolution of modal verbs in the German language. Methodology and Approach. The article deals with the process of semantic development of modal verbs in the German language, and also with the modal verbs semantic characteristics which appear at various stages of German language development. Using the comparative historical method, the function of modal verbs in old-, middle-, early- and new high German is analyzed. Results. Using texts from main historical periods of German, the author proves, that most of German modal verbs (i.e. können, dürfen, mögen, müssen) evolved their primary semantics by semantic transformation. On the contrary, the verbs “wollen” and “sollen” lost their polysemy in the process. Next issue - time frames of evolving secondary modal semantic is also shown. Theoretical and practical implications. This article helps to understand the specific aspects of the ways of development of primary and secondary meanings of modal verbs.

The purpose of the author is to reveal characteristic features of words describing people in respect to the age group they belong to in Russian and English. Methodology and Approach. Data from etymological and general dictionaries and English and Russian corpuses were subjected to the analysis. In the study/ synchronic-diachronic approach, method of semantic oppositions were used. Results. Several semantic universals determining semantic development of age nominations in Russian and English have been singled out. Theoretical and Practical implications. Method of semantic oppositions employed in the analysis can be a possible trend in ageism linguistic research.