No 4 (2013)
SECTION I. THEORETICAL QUESTIONS OF A GENERAL LINGUISTICS
5-10 51
Abstract
The article presents the analysis of communicative strategy Invitation in English discourse. The historically formed peculiarities of English-speaking communicants’ attitude toward the ways of expressing invitation are also defined in order to highlight their culturological originality. The main focus is directed towards the lingual expressions of invitation in different communicative situations. Considerable emphasis is laid on the means of softening unambiguous invitations as part of the strategy of distancing. The empiric material for the research is represented by authentic literature of Englishspeaking countries of the 21-st century.
11-15 73
Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of speech eccentricity. The author provides the definition of the term “speech eccentricity”, describes its characteristic features, analyzes the peculiarities of an eccentric linguistic identity, attempts to classify the variants of the eccentric speech. Special attention is paid to the opposition “literary language” - “eccentric speech”. The analysis of various language resources proves that speech eccentricity appears at all the levels of a language system as a sharp contrast to the literary language.
16-21 60
Abstract
The article presents a comparative analysis of the way the conceptual metaphor «LOVE=LOSS OF FREEDOM» is realized in male and female English poetry of XIV-XIX centuries. The specific-level metaphors LOVE=VASSALAGE, LOVE=SNARE, LOVE=IMPRISONMENT are singled out, their structure is carefully described in terms of the correspondences between the source and target domains. The main aim of the article is to show how female poets transform the metaphor under discussion to mock men’s insincerity and emphasize the actual suppression of women in marriage.
SECTION II. COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS
22-27 339
Abstract
The article presents the analysis of lingua-cultural aspects of national British and American humour. The analysis is based on short humorous stories by P.G. Wodehouse and O. Henry in the original and translation. The author comes to the conclusion that national cultural traditions of Britain and the USA determine the peculiarities of British and American humour.
28-32 77
Abstract
The structure of the concept time core in English and German is analyzed in the article. The author considers the universality of this concept and attempts to describe the core of the concept time and lexical and grammatical means of expressing it both in English and German. The article studies correlations between universal and cultural layers at the core of the given concept in both languages. It also compares cognitive models of verbalization of the concept time in these languages.
33-38 103
Abstract
The problem of literary translation, the goal of which is to create the communicative equivalence of a new text in relation to its original is presented in this article. The author studies the specificity of interlingual translation of works with historical stylization into the Russian language. There are different principles to translate texts of this genre. The article is focused on the analysis of Bernard Shaw’s archaized play «Caesar and Kleopatra». We have found out that the translator can present the characters’ thoughts, the atmosphere and the idea of any work using various strategies.
39-43 106
Abstract
Idiomatic comparison is the national-specific means of comparison of objects, it reflects the process of creation of fixed connection between definite features and a specific object/subject in reality. This article represents the results of the comparative analysis of Russian and German idiomatic comparisons belonging to the thematic field “Person’s appearance” and shows the resemblance/ difference of standard images while representing the same features in both linguocultures.
44-48 63
Abstract
The aim of this scientific research is to study the problems which are connected with the improvement of different translation techniques. The article analyses the variable and invariant aspects of translation, proposes a positive factor of translational transformations, considers the principle of their involvement in the dynamic of textual discourse, and tries to determine the status of multi-leveled transformations in translation. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the criteria which help to estimate the degree of variability in translation: the linguistic form of the text is a lower criterion, while the text’s discourse form is an upper criterion of estimation. In conclusion the author raises a question about philosophical, cultural and stylistic aspects of the translation.
49-54 86
Abstract
Calquing and development of native words polysemy as aspects of linguistic glocalization on the level of lexis are considered in the article. English computer lexis borrowed into the Russian language undergoes natural processes of both morphological or/and derivational assimilation of borrowings and formation of new words for labeling new notions using the resources of the receiving language. The author specifies relation of the term пользователь to the derivational calque corpus.
55-61 39
Abstract
The subject of the present article are attributes, compatible with the words rire (m), laughter in the French and English languages and their classification according to the semantic character. The theoretic value of the research consists in the fact that it contributes to the solution of a general theoretic problem of lexical compatibility of free word combination components.
SECTION III. ROMANO-GERMAN LINGUISTICS
62-66 224
Abstract
The article focuses on the history of vertical context and on allusive figures of speech, their classification and categorization as presented and detailed in the research projects and publications authored by Russian academics. The research work and terminology introduced by philologists in this country is compared to those of foreign scholars. The conclusions and generalizations, which conclude the article, would be useful for those interested in the issues of functional-communicative types of speech.
67-71 51
Abstract
In the article the emphasis is placed on the notional part of the concept „beauty” illustrated by the second part of Goethe's poem „Faust”, act III. The concept is considered as a complex systematic formation. The research is based on the model of interacting methods of cognition, proposed by V.I. Karasik. This model includes the image component, the notional component and the value component. The modeling of notional part is carried out by the method of component analysis with the following definition of semantic features of the concept.
72-76 45
Abstract
Functioning of passive constructions and their temporal properties in the professional customs literature is analyzed in the article. The frequency of the construction être + participe passé in these texts and the percentage of temporary forms of the construction are defined. It is noted that the frequency of a temporary form is connected with the semantic character of verbs in the passive form denoting different aspects of customs activity.
77-84 118
Abstract
The present paper deals with Colombian culturally bound words (realia) related to the ethnic and regional diversity of this country. Many of the words being analyzed possess specific national meaning and have developed a unique system of linguistic and cultural associations and symbols proper for the linguistic experience of the Colombian people. Cultural content of ethnic and regional realia of Colombia is the verbal reflection of traditions inherited from Spanish and other migrants, local American Indian, African Cultures, as well as the peculiarities of Colombian geography.
SECTION IV. ART STUDIES
85-90 43
Abstract
Historical and battle-painting of the 20th century, in which the leading role belongs to the image of a horse, especially in works of M. Grekov and his Studio are analyzed in the article. Battle paintings depicted military scenes in which horses played an important part. This genre in Russian painting was traditional, in XIX c. it was at the peak of its popularity. The school of N. Samokish and F. Rubo made noticeable impact on the battle painting of XX century and contributed to a new interpretation of military horses.
ISSN 2949-5059 (Print)
ISSN 2949-5075 (Online)
ISSN 2949-5075 (Online)