The present paper deals with some aspects of the prehistory of the formation of comparative linguistics as a special branch of language investigation at the end of the 18th - the beginning of the 19th centuries. It is noted, that although this question is usually treated as practically fully investigated in special literature, some issues connected with its origin may be controversial enough. The activity of the philologists, considered to be predecessors of comparative linguistics (W. Jones, F. Schlegel) is analyzed, and the necessity of its objective assessment is underlined.

The tendency to semantically correct sentences construction in the Language for Specific Purposes is considered in the article. The author studies semantic conditions for standard/nonstandard word combinations and sentences formation. The linguistic research described in the article is based on the modified method of component analysis devised by the author. The method provides the decomposition of the meaning to the semes as the minimal components in order to find the linking ones. The author has come to the conclusion that the semantic standard sentence formation is possible only in case of common linking semes between the components of word combinations and sentences. Defining the semantic standard word combinations helps to choose the most correct linguistic units for special communicative goals achievement.

The present paper deals with linguistic aspect of the notion ‘the language of Bible’. First of all two main Russian translations are considered - Synodal Bible and Modern Russian Translation. The problem of correlation of linguistic characteristics and connotations of the translated texts with their contents is also regarded. The way the translator regards the term ‘sacral text’ can influence the linguistic characteristics of the translated version. Research reflected in the article takes into account the ideas of the translators and philologists who work on this problem.

The article analyses the results of studies by Russian and foreign linguists who were concerned with the definition of the text and text structure. The author focuses on various definitions of the text, its main features, functional and pragmatic aspects. This analysis shows that the text should be regarded as possessing integrity and structure, as the result of discourse activity, a communication unit, product of a particular historical epoch, way of storing and transmitting information, form of culture, reflection of social and cultural traditions.

The article investigates some questions of new terminology emergence in the course of text translation. A brief history of knowledge based economy term and development of new terminology on its basis are presented. Characteristics and definitions are given to the following words and word combinations: explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge, knowledge economy (knowledge based economy), knowledge workforce, knowledge worker, knowledge job(s), knowledge-based firm, knowledge investment, knowledge organization, knowledge industry, knowledge intensive sector, and to a number of others. The place of these terms and their correlations are defined. The article is intended for linguists, practising terminologists (authors and users of terminological dictionaries and standards, translators, databank developers) and for anyone who studies and prepares scientific literature.

The article focuses on the analysis of the semantic structure of the polysemantic English adjectives true, loyal, faithful. The research relies on the semantic experiment and hypothesis-deduction method which reveal the main specific features of the words under consideration. The analysis discovered similar components in the meaning of the synonyms that make the substitution of one word by the other possible in some contexts. The paper also features some distinctive semantic components making substitution impossible in other contexts.

This article is focused on figurative lexicon of the substandard Russian language as the cultural feature of mentality. Figurativeness is a special marker which helps to distinguish between cultural information and specific manners of behavior. It is based on culturally marked associations. The paper analyses language metaphors and proper figurative words. They are considered on the lexical level. These items actively participate in formation of cultural codes.

The article represents the analysis of personality development reflection in the text of «Pygmalion» by G.B. Shaw and its translation into the Russian language by two Russian interpreters. The focus is on lexical units that can identify the dynamics of personal development towards achieving the goal. The translation techniques and methods of the play transmission from English into Russian are analyzed. In the comparative analysis the translators’ tactics of Russian translations is researched.

The language in A.N. Tolstoy s novel «Peter the Great» is traditionally regarded as a vivid example of the writer’s mastery of the language, and the use of archaisms is one of the proofs of his skill. But at the same time archaisms often make it very hard to give adequate translation, especially for readers with different cultural background. In this article, we are trying to research the translation of the novel into the Chinese language by Mr. Zhu Wen, as well as methods and practices to keep the historic flavour of original novel.

The article gives an overview of some aspects of words-realia functioning in a cycle of stories about Sherlock Holmes written by Arthur Conan Doyle and their representation in Russian variants of translation. It is also stated that the text of the stories is rich in vocabulary denoting the peculiarities of life and culture directly associated with the Victorian England on the one hand, and words linked with the cultural identity of the country preserved up to the present time on the other. Thus translators must have and ability of transferring it to the reader in the

Translation of any foreign film can truly be regarded as the most important part of its distribution in Russia. Since translation of films is a very specific type of translation, people who do it should have a great deal of talent and time. In films and TV series, especially comedies, we can often observe such a stylistic device as wordplay. Our article analyzes the present situation concerning translation of a wordplay and the difficulties one can face when translating this device on the examples of American TV series “Scrubs” and British “Blackadder goes forth”.

The article is devoted to an important problem of modern linguistic science - to studying international lexicon of the social sphere with the help of comparative-contrastive method. The identification of international lexical units has allowed to establish a thematic classification of the international lexemes. Semantic analysis of the first group «international professions» has given the opportunity to divide them into subgroups, and also to draw the conclusion that the external (sound and graphic) and the internal form of lexemes partially or completely coincide.

The article in question is devoted to studying terms as the basic units of languages for special purposes in light of their translation into English or Russian. Having a complex structure, terminological units often cause difficulty when being translated from one language into another. The article deals with the semantic peculiarities of both Russian and English terms structure which coincide fully or partially in their meaning and a conclusion is drawn regarding the ways of adequate reproduction of their meaning in the process of translation.

The article is devoted to analysis of architectural terminology of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem restored in 1995-1997 and the New Jerusalem Monastery in Istra in order to find general and specific terms in three Indo-European languages (Russian, English and Armenian). Studying the architectural terms referring to the buildings will help us to determine how similar from the architectural point of view the New Jerusalem Monastery is to the Holy Sepulcher. Review of the terms translations, their etymology, syntactic and semantic analysis will help us to make corresponding conclusions on connection and development of these languages during the certain period of time. The majority of the terms were borrowed from Latin but the terms etymology and types of construction in the three languages are sometimes absolutely different from each other.

The subject of the article is the importance of creating multilingual texts as a part of international company marketing strategy. The parallel texts in four languages, taken from the P&G web-site, have been chosen for the analysis. Comparison of the texts in source language (English) and translating languages (Russian, Spanish and French) enabled the author to reveal certain drawbacks in the translation of the texts. Results of the linguistic analysis made it possible to establish main rules of creating multilingual marketing texts aimed at brand promotion in the international market.

Semantic peculiarities of the lexis to denote justice in the German language are examined in the article. The author describes the meaning of Gerechtigkeit on the basis of dictionary definitions, and analyzes its synonymic relations. Besides, the main components of other words which denote justice in the German language are defined by means of component analysis. The author draws the conclusion that views on justice - one of the basic values -depend on the language and culture, so that they are ethnically and linguistically specific.

The multifunctionality of como is connected with the fact that the lexeme belongs to different morphological. Analysis of complex clauses allows to determine grammatical features of the conjunction como in different structures and make classification of como into categories of a relative adverb of manner with similarity meaning and of subordinating conjunctions: comparative, expounding, causal, conditional. Functions and frequency of usage of como as an adverb and as a conjunction are analysed in the article.

The article is devoted to the study of peculiarities in the syntactic interaction of German and Yiddish in the novel “Jew Süss”, written by L. Feuchtwanger. Because of the belonging L.Feuchtwanger's to two lingual cultures his creative language includes (through Yiddish) elements of several lingual spheres: Hebrew and Slavic languages. As a result, the elements of syntactic level in the original text underwent functional changes. The given work gives a confirmation of determinative influences of ethnic language on L. Feuchtwanger’s language revealed in structuring simple and complex sentences.

The present article is focused on the research of correlation between the verbal forms of a headline and the verbal forms of an article in modern French printed press. In the text of an article verbal forms of the headline actualize different grammatical meanings and, according to that, they perform certain functions. The results of the study permit to draw the following conclusion: actualizing the direct meaning the verb performs the informative function in the headline, while actualizing an extra meaning the verb performs the pragmatic function.

The article deals with the viability of the use of the term «americanism» both in theoretical and lexicographical aspects. It also presents analysis of the problem of describing the vocabulary of the Spanish America Spanish language national varieties in contemporary lexicographical works, using the Dictionary of Mexicanisms of the Mexican Academy of the Spanish Language as an example. The Dictionary is an important source of information about the synchronous state of the Mexican Spanish national variety, and this information is essential for compilation of Spanish-Russian dictionaries which take into consideration the lexical-semantic divergence of Mexican Spanish.