The article describes the use of the principle of complementarity set up by N. Bohr in analysis of natural and modeled speech activity. The subject-matter of the dyad “fictional world - reality” is characterized. The term “polyreality” is used to describe this correlation. It is shown that in linguistics the principle of complementarity has a two-fold character (it is epistemological and simultaneously ontological one). The necessity of the deliberate use of the methodological principle under consideration in newly developed programs of linguistic research is stressed.

The subject of the article is the study of stylistic peculiarities of synonyms. The author gives primary attention to wide usage of synonyms in the belles-lettres and studies stylistic potential of words having close meaning, their effect and impact. The aim is to analyze the stylistic-aesthetic peculiarities and emotional-expressive effects of different types of synonyms in the belles-lettres. To achieve this aim the author defines several models of the most frequently used synonymic rows which differ by certain criteria and describes each model using examples from different literary works in Azerbaijani and English languages.

The correct choice of equivalent for polysemantic words or resolution of ambiguity is a necessary step in automatic translation process. Context makes possible to resolve ambiguity of words and lexical units, thus using a special dictionary named “contextological”, which provides necessary equivalents, checking context determinants, proved effective. The contextological dictionary is produced on the basis of special dictionary named concordance, which consists of lists of contexts, in which the ambiguous word is used. These contexts are of certain lengths - four or three words to the left and to the right of the word in question - and are produced on the basis of parallel texts.

The article presents different ways of increasing informative value of text analysis or decoding by applying methods of discourse analysis, which significantly enriches the underlying conceptual information of the text. We try to prove that only by involving extralinguistic data at different stages of analysis, a reader with a different cultural background can fully activate his personal thesaurus and understand the text deeper. The conclusion is that textual units can get additional semantics with special connotative, imaginative, evaluating, associative characteristics when analyzed from discoursive cultural angle.

The subject of the study is the gender aspect of the picture of the world as presented in English texts of interviews. The relation between the general picture of the world and the gender picture of the world reflected in the mass media texts is analysed. The problem of indirect nomination is also discussed within the framework of gender studies. The connection with sociocultural factors, based on biological characteristics, which influence the use of nominations in speech, was also established.

The illustrated novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club by Charles Dickens is studied as a multimodal literary text. Multimodality is regarded as a form of literary communication and a foregrounding characteristic of textual dialogism. Interpretative options of a multimodal literary text are analyzed through the aspect of collaborative textual activity of the author, the illustrator and the reader with due regard to their background knowledge. The meaning of generic iconic coding elements within the notional structure of multimodal literary text is referred to as complementary and interpretative.

The paper considers the problem of correlation between expressiveness and conceptuality of metaphors and similies. Similarities and differences of metaphors and similies are analyzed with reference to the definition of the notions of “trope” and “figure of speech”. Different approaches to the study of metaphors and similies are presented: traditional and cognitive. Having analyzed the nature of metaphors and similies in the light of the dictemic theory and having considered the examples of metaphors and similies in different texts, the author introduces the notion of conceptual expressive stylistic device.

The article considers the functions of chronotop in narrative literary text, which is a reflection of time and space relations in the story. The linguistic means and ways of chronotops realization and mechanisms of deictic procedure in a literary text depending on the type of narrator are analyzed. The accent is made on pragmatic functions of chronotop which extend meaningful text characteristics that contribute to the increment of the senses, it does not exclude the metaphorical component.

The article deals with the functions of modal particles ja, doch and denn in scientific texts in German. It is shown that these particles help to formulate a hypothesis, to convey logical connections at the micro text level, to refer to the previous sentence, to highlight unresolved questions as well as to identify a particular problem. Peculiarities of scientific texts dialogue character are shown. The modal particles allow the author to refer to the scientific experience of the reader, formulate various - sometimes contradictory - concepts, to strive for mutual understanding.

The paper focuses on the issue of semantically exocentric compounds in the English language. Exocentric compounds are treated in the same way as phraseological fusions or idioms, a mechanism of assessing the level of idiosyncrasy in exocentric compounds is proposed on the bases of the degree of metaphoric or metonymic transference. It is stated that English exocentric compounds are rich in various nominative and derivational properties.

The article focuses on the features of discourse of videogames. The ways to analyze the phenomenon linguistically are described, the definitions of the game and videogame, types of videogames, as well as the elements and levels (micro- and macrolevel) of videogame discourse analysis, are given and analyzed. Different approaches to the analysis of language in videogame discourse are identified. The article also covers the textual and linguistic features of texts in videogames and texts used to describe and discuss them (metaludic discourses).

The subject of the article is the functional and parametric analysis of French idioms containing characteristic of «bleu» color as the main component. French phraseological units (further PhU) were translated into similar Russian PhU. After analyzing and translating the selected PhU with «bleu» color as the main component into Russian and finding where possible their Russian equivalents, we may say that this subject is a rich source for studying French phraseology.

The present paper deals with some aspects connected with the notion of the so-called ‘literal translation’. This word combination is normally used as an evaluative term (more precisely - a term with negative connotations). Periodically attempts were made to re-evaluate this approach. As a rule, they provoked heated discussion. In this connection the authors postulate the necessity to adhere to the principle of historicism in describing the tendencies to literal translation in different period, thus providing the possibility to analyze the phenomenon with the necessary degree of objectivity.

The article presents analysis of international security terms related to two semantic fields - "nuclear safety" and "information security". The results of a comparative analysis of English, French and Russian terms are given, single-component and multicomponent terms are identified and their peculiarities in each of the three languages are outlined. Most frequent componential models of English, French and Russian lexical units under study are singled out, described and compared. Lexical gaps in the terminological corpora representing the semantic fields - "nuclear safety" and "information security" - are described.

The problem of equivalence of aviation terminology translation in the Russian version of the novel “Airport” by A. Hailey is discussed in the paper. Selective analysis of precision of translation was conducted, with due regard to synchronic and diachronic aspects. The analysis allows to conclude that the existing Russian translation of the novel is inaccurate in respect to English aviation terminology: a large number of terms are omitted, some terms are ignored or wrong translation is given. The necessity of a new translation in cooperation with an expert who is competent in aviation terminology is proved.

The article presents the peculiarities of functioning of lexeme “real property” and its English equivalent in the texts, taken from Russian and British National Corpora. The analysis of this type enables to identify frequency of usage of the lexeme and the degree of its activity in oral practice. In the course of the analysis the problem of equivalence of the English and Russian lexemes, relating to the notion “real property”, is stated. The research allows to make certain conclusions on the national and terminological characteristics of usage of the analyzed lexemes.

The purpose of this article is to define the basic parameters to distinguish types of verbal portraits and their subsequent classification. The paper presents the main approaches to the research process as the procedure of substantiation, elaboration and approbation of introducing comparative (retrospective) analysis of the speech portrait in the context of typological systematization into the use of the author's algorithm. Modernized systems of formation, analysis and typology of verbal portraits are presented, where the notion of "verbal portrait" is regarded as an instrument of indirect impact on society.

The paper discusses an important problem of variation phenomenon at the morphemic (affixal) level. The main tendencies and aspects of this phenomenon are highlighted. Analysis of the affixal variants is carried out using the material of analytical (English and French) and the synthetic (Russian and Ukrainian) languages. Some of the basic factors, which determine or cause certain affixal variation and the main characteristics of its functioning are given in the paper.

The article describes pragmatic and linguistic peculiarities of texts of the speech genre "Oath". The author analyzes such components of con-situation of the oath as agent (addresser) and recipients (addressees, witnesses (co-agents)), chronotope. The article investigates allomorph parameters of two types of the oath: modern secular oath (oathsec) and religious oath. Investigating these types of oaths, the author comes to the conclusion that the oath can be described both as a bi-directional interaction, and as a trilateral communication. The paper presents stages of preparation and pronouncing the oath, solemnity of the situation and usage of attributes. The comparative analysis of Russian and English texts of oaths revealed isomorphism of the composition of an oath as a non-fiction type of text comprising three parts: introduction, the main part and conclusion.