The research focuses on the principles of language variability in the context of sociohistorical living conditions of native speakers and the sociolinguistic situation in the region. The article describes the problem of self-identification of French in New Brunswick, Canada (especially in the south-east of the province). Acadian variant of French is analysed, the characteristics of this variant are described. Inductive-deductive and descriptive methods are used in the analysis. The former identifies theoretical and practical basis for the linguistic research. The latter reveals specific character and language transformation peculiarities in the given area.

The article presents analysis of advertising texts; the functioning of text-forming categories such as referentiality, temporality, locality, personality and modality is analyzed, language tools used to realize the architectonics of this type of text are identified. Using the method of segment analysis the author constructs a hierarchical system of text categories and determines the dominant, relevant and indifferent categories in the advertising texts of the German tourist discourse.

The present paper deals with the notions “the spirit of language/folk” and “the organism of language” and their interpretation in the works of the 19th century linguists. These terms usage may be defined as the specific combination of two tendencies, characteristic for that period, - philosophic tradition on the one hand, and the natural history orientation, on the other. Sometimes both tendencies could overlap, so the terms could be interpreted differently. Since these facts are often overlooked in linguistic historiography works, their analysis presents an important task for linguists.

This paper deals with the problem of complex anaphors in discourse. The functioning of complex anaphors is considered in connection with incremental discourse procedure. It is demonstrated, that the right-located context of complex anaphors provides information about the aim of introducing anaphora into discourse and therefore pragmatic discourse approaches should be used for the analysis. Fragment of text coherence of which depends on complex anaphoric relation is regarded as combination of two phases - compression and expansion. To integrate and to analyze these two phases, the notion “complex anaphoric entity” is suggested. The research proves that types of complex anaphoric entities are not occasional, but they regularly occur in political discourse. A pragmalinguistic approach to complex anaphoric entities is outlined.

The political text, analysed in the article, is one of Theresa May’s first speeches as the current prime minister of the UK. The main goal of this study is to reveal linguistic means, reflecting political views of the prime-minister, and ways in which key strategic functions of political speech are implemented. The concepts and strategies designed to keep audience’s attention, promote ideological views, convince the audience of good problem-posing and effective problem-solving methods, mobilize the audience to support the government initiatives have been examined.

The article deals with the problem of stylistic convergence of simile and allusion in the German comedy TV series “Stromberg”. The functions of stylistic convergence in language game and usage of convergence in the TV-discourse are shown. The article describes the simile and the place of allusion in its structure. The original classification of subjects of similes and allusions as comparison standards, reflecting the thematic focus of the series, is given. The author comes to the conclusion that the interaction of allusion and comparison contributes to the compression of information in the context, which allows to convey briefly and expressively the characters' intentions.

The article presents the study of the formation and current state of the thematic group “insectophones” in English. Etymological and diachronic analysis, reveals not only the etymological component of insectophones, but also the development of their meanings (extension and narrowing of meaning) and the emergence of new meanings based on metaphorical and metonymic transfers. The article contains a detailed description of morphological processes in the studied thematic group and examines the processes of nomination in relation to the areal linguistics (analysis of interlingual contacts). The modern group “insectophones” includes fifty-five lexical units. The analysis suggests that the formation of the thematic group “insectophones” began in the Old English period. Stylistic and national-language markers (slang, dialectics, national variants of English) within the studied group of vocabulary were also revealed.

The article presents comparison of two French conjunctions “parce que” and “puisque” which are the core of the causality connection in the French compound sentence. In this paper the author examines the logical-semantic, syntactic and semantic-syntactic nature of “parce que” and “puisque”. The differences between these conjunctions have been revealed in the process of analyzing their potential to form sentences of different types and to be connected with certain syntactic structures. Special attention was focused on semantic, grammatical and stylistic factors that influence the thematic-rhematic organization of sentences with the conjunctions “parce que” and “puisque” because the arrangement of the compound sentence constituents defines the communicative status of the causal clauses.

The article presents the analysis of French slogans with clipped words. Clipping is a productive word formation model and clipped words contribute to creating clear and comprehensible slogans, aimed at interacting with readers. The methods include linguistic, quantitative and context analysis. The study of material demonstrated that using clipping, in particular apocope, saves linguistic resources, encourages and motivates readers to continue reading and, more importantly, helps to establish a personal contact with them.

The article deals with the potential of polysemantic word homme, which has a wide range of meanings, to form spontaneous figurative comparisons. The author supposes that to represent a concrete denotat of the noun homme as the comparison core, the relevant factor is not the factor of stability or lexicographic codification of the image, but the interaction of the semantics of lexical units selected in the positions of the subject and the core of the comparisons. All types of semantic interaction of comparison components that contribute to the formation of a specific semantic opposition underlying the selection and actualization of various denotats of the noun homme in the position of the comparison core are determined.

The article deals with word combinations with ethnonyms in the English language. The word combinations selected by the method of continuous sampling were subjected to a structural-semantic and translational analysis. The study has shown that English word combinations with ethnonyms are represented by free phrases and phraseological units, they have the structure of nominal and verbal phrases. They denote objects of reality and everyday life of a certain nation, contain stereotypes of one ethnos about others and are connected with the history of the relationship of English-speaking people with other ethnic groups. These word combinations are translated into Russian with the help of full and partial equivalents, analogues and descriptive translation.

In this article, the problems of translation of B. Akunin works into English are considered. The relevance of the topic is determined, first of all, by the need for a more detailed study of the principles of the transfer of the author’s message in translations; the importance of studying the writer’s language, his unique style, and also by the necessity for general analysis of nominative, connotative, descriptive and interpreting potential of the Russian word. The article presents the analysis of the translation of Akunin’s “Azazel”, “Leviathan” and “Turkish Gambit” into English. The research is based on the principles of comparative, descriptive, stylistic and typological methods. The analysis shows that the main lexical and semantic features include: the presence of omissions, modulations, cause-effect replacements, equivalents, additions, concretization, etc.

The article deals with impact of borrowings on aviation and space terminology at various stages of language development. Particular emphasis is put on characteristics of borrowed terms building at various stages of extension and enriching the English aviation and space terminology. Certain regularities in building of terms borrowed from different languages are identified. The conducted analysis shows that integration of borrowed terms into the professional aviation and space terminology can be regarded as a proof of certain common regularities in the processes of word building and formation of word combinations in Modern English.

The article presents the problem of the semantic and structural analogy of different language texts. This problem has not been studied sufficiently. The authors’ technique of measuring the semantic and structural analogy of original and translated texts allows to assess the quality of translations made by students of foreign languages faculties. The proposed model allows to differentiate evaluating the quality of translation work in the educational process, helps to analyze translation errors and formulate practical recommendations to improve the of translated texts. The work has an interdisciplinary nature as it touches upon issues of translation studies, linguistics, lexicology, stylistics and methodology.

The referred work is devoted to the research of current issues of humor translating aspects based on children’s animated movies. The undertaken developmental linguistics approach is targeted to define the linguostylistic and psycholinguistic features in order to outline the “core of the joke” within the dialogical text of children’s animated movie. The best translational tools and strategies as well as translational communicative losses were outlined as a result of the comparative analysis of jokes and their Russian translations within children’s animated movies targeted onto the children audience belonging to a definite age group.

The main lexical difficulties that arise when translating English terms in technical texts containing special vocabulary in the oil and gas industry are examined. The article highlights the main features of translation of scientific and technical texts containing a large number of special terminology. The focus is on terms from oil and gas industry. The choice of this industry is not accidental, as today it is one of the leading sectors of the world economy. Due to this fact there exists a worldwide cooperation of specialists from different countries and that contributes to the evolution of language in this field. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that a specialist in translating scientific and technical terms should have general technical scientific literacy, be logical and clear in his presentation of the translated text. Recommendations were developed to overcome the main difficulties in translation of terms.

This paper tries to clarify some problems that a translator could face when translating Islamic religious vocabulary. The author aims at investigating the peculiarities of translation of Islamic religious items within different lexico-semantic fields. The methods of linguistic and cultural analyses revealed a high pragmatic potential of Islamic religious units. The author emphasizes that to provide the identity of the target and the source texts it is necessary to combine different methods of translation.

The article analyses the ability of texts with a formally different subject of speech to render the emotive condition of the author. The author concludes, that the shift of language codes from one system to another significantly increases the emotiveness and sense capacity of the text. Due to discursive analysis, characterized by functional and anthropological approaches the author finds the clue to understanding the text. The main conclusion of the work is that text hybridity, which is the ability to include several subjects of speech, is conveyed both through the form and the context.

The paper deals with the problem of so-called “alien realia”, i.e. lexical units denoting the things and phenomena not belonging to the language and culture of the source text. The problem arises when the author reflects the foreign life and customs, or when he himself uses the language of the linguocultural community that differs from his own. Authors of the paper using examples from translations of English literary texts analyze possible ways that may be used in the process of translation to solve the problem.

The article presents the analysis of language means of current political discourse and the peculiarities of their transfer from Russian into English. The linguistic material for the comparative analysis is Russian and English shorthand reports of Putin’s speech at the final meeting of ‘Valdai’ debating society in October 2017. The subject of the analysis and comparison is lexical and grammar means, phraseological units which convey the distinctive features of political discourse. Some ideas about general ideological, value-laden, emotional and manipulative impact connected with use or omission in translation of certain language means are put forward.

The article is devoted to the question of gender as the category of the language in sociolinguistic and cultural aspects. Furthermore, problems of political correctness are considered. The author analyzes English and Russian examples of gender neutralization in socio-political publications. The results of the study allowed to define and classify the semantics methods of gender neutralization: euphemisms, synonymous substitutions, generalization, omission of words indicating the female gender.

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of food metaphor in Russian and Arabic languages and its role in creating typical figurative representations of a person’s appearance, which in general will help to update and show in a new aspect the corresponding fragment of the Russian national language picture of the world. The study of person's appearance through figurative words and expressions with the culinary semantics of one language in the mirror of the other makes it possible to discover and reveal the originality of the compared cultures, their similarity and discrepancy.