The Purpose. The research was aimed at finding the changes in the meaning of Russian verb ‘snimat’ (to shoot) within the photographic discourse. Methodology and Approach. The method used was the vast corpus-based research to provide examples from Russian National Corpus (RNC) showing the apparent lack of semantics given in modern dictionaries. Results. The research proves the diachronic shift in the verb semantics and usage since photography was invented. Theoretical and Practical implications. The results of this research give broad material for Russian thesaurus and for English-Russian/Russian-English translation purposes.

Purpose of the article is to analyze the speeches of key political leaders at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (2018-2019) from the standpoint of linguistic statistics to identify the formal characteristics and pragmatic aims. Methodology and Approach. The authors analyzed a selection of speech transcripts at the level of media text as a unit of economic forums discourse analysis. The results of linguistic-statistical word processing study by means of SEO-analysis were interpreted. Results. Conclusions concerning the mechanisms of influence and ways of conveying information to the recipients have been made. Several linguistic features of the discourse of economic forums are identified. A review of the semantic means of expressing the speech individuality of key speakers is given. Theoretical implications concern analysis of linguostatistic method usage in the expanded study of the economic forums discourse.

The purpose of conducting the analysis of the two detached terminological systems (linguistic and medicinal terminologies) is revealing similarities and differences in synonymy occurrence and its functioning in professional terminologies. Methodology and Approach. By means of the comparative method the typology of synonymous terms is presented and their usage in the two terminologies of different concepts is defined. The relevance of this article topic is determined by the importance of lexical synonymy. Although synonymy is present in nearly all language spheres, researchers views on it are controversial. Results. The study results show the most significant causes of synonymy presence in professional terminologies: the intercultural professional communication development and the urge to save time and effort, which leads not only to binary but also to extensive formal synonymy. Theoretical implications of the results lie in extending the concept of synonymy in languages for specific purposes within terminology science. The practical value of the study conducted consists in the possibility to use the linguistic data as well as the results of its analysis by terminography specialists, professors, students for Bachelor’s and Master’s degree, PhD students working in the sphere of terminology science.

Purpose of this article is to study collocations of “Il a pris la clé, il est parti avec” type in which French and Spanish prepositions are used in independent function that is quite atypical for the function words. Methodology and Approach. The main method of the research is the analysis and the comparison of the sources, first of all, the works of Russian and foreign linguists as well as their interpretation of this issue. The corpus of illustrative material includes the examples from French and Spanish novels and press slogans. Results. This research allows for the conclusion that in French unlike in Spanish the use of prepositional collocations in the independent function prevails. Practical implications. Data and main points of the research can be used in teaching French and Spanish languages as one of the major specialty in higher education institutions (theoretical and practical grammar, special courses, theme of graduate researches and so on).

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to improve the comprehension of the general evaluation, realized through the use of qualitative adjectives in the framework of linguoesthetic and publicistic Internet discourses. Methodology and Approach. The analysis of qualitative adjectives that convey the meaning of the general evaluation in literary blogs in French was done using a continuous sampling method, a lexical-semantic analysis, a contextual analysis. Results. The hypothesis of flexibility and ambivalence of the general evaluation is confirmed. The author concluded that there are diffusion and neutralization of the positive and negative general evaluation. Theoretical and Practical implications. The article upgrades problematics of the general evaluation in the framework of Internet discourse. In the conclusion suggestions for using the results of the study in courses on linguistics are given.

The purpose of the article is to study the inclusion of feminized job and position titles in the French dictionaries Le Petit Robert and Le Petit Larousse. Methodology and Approach. The authors analyzed the ways of fixation by dictionaries the feminine gender of job titles and agents’ names. The discrepancies between dictionaries and the causes of their occurrence are investigated. Factors that impede linguistic feminization are identified. Results. The study revealed nine ways of fixation of the agent name. The differences between the dictionaries are in their typology. Factors that impede feminization are identified: pejoration, homonymy, “conjugal” feminine gender, discrepancy of feminine names with the French language morphology. The dictionaries try to reflect the evolution of the language. Theoretical and Practical implications is the systematization of the ways of agent name fixation and the problems of linguistic feminization.

The Purpose of the article is to describe common and different characteristics connected with the position of modal particles in German and Russian sentence structure. Methodology and Approach. By means of descriptive and comparison methods it is shown that modal particles mark the transit from theme to rheme. Results. It is shown that in Russian modal particles with evidential semantics take the position after words which indicate the source of the information. In general both languages have similar regularities in positioning model particles in the sentence structure. The theoretical and practical implications. The article describes common characteristics of modal particles' position in communicative structure of the sentence in languages with fixed and non-fixed word order. The results of the article can be used in the course of comparative typology of German and Russian.

The purpose. The article deals with the problem of the equivalence in translation, analyzes causes of translation errors, and describes difficulties of text translation practices. Methodology and Approach. The methods of contrastive analysis, and contextual analysis, were applied during the research based on the selection of authentic English texts that are relevant, in conjunction with activities and materials that highlight specific discourse features in order to facilitate comprehension and translation of law-specific texts. Results. The work presents the analysis and description of specific features of translation, provides classification of translation mistakes. In the process of the research the author also worked out an algorithm of cross-cultural adaptation of legal texts. The role of translation in the language teaching is also reviewed as mastering a foreign language requires translation training which is impossible without knowledge of the cultural background. Theoretical and Practical implications. The author develops the theory of the cultural component of meaning detected in the course of the lexical-semantic analysis of the humanities terminological units and focuses on difficulties of interlingual legal terminology translation. The article will also be of interest to teachers of foreign language, translators and linguists, whose interests include literary translation.

Purpose is to study the ways of achieving maximum comic impact when transferring wordplay into a target language. Methodology and Approach. The author has conducted a detailed analysis of techniques for recreating wordplay by using language units from Chekhov's play „The Bear“. This has been achieved by means of the method of contextual analysis and the comparative method. Results. Distinctive qualities of Chekhov's literary style in terms of humorous content are occasional phraseological units and occasional lexemes. In translating, the highest priority is assigned to the form provided that comic impact is preserved. Theoretical and/or Practical implications lie in the further development of translation analysis technology and in using the proposed translational decisions in practical translational activities.

The purpose of the article is to study the importance of modality and features of the category of mood in French and Russian languages in comparative terms in order to identify convergences and differences in the use of language tools. Methodology and Approach. The research method is a comparative method, allowing to identify the similarities and differences between the structures of the French and Russian languages. Results. Facts have been obtained that emphasize that many common trends are manifested in the verbal systems of the French and Russian languages, such as the close contact of the future tense with indirect moods (especially in the French language), as well as the mixing of the functions of indirect moods and others. Theoretical and practical implications. The analysis is relevant in the study of the comparative typology of two languages, and the results are of practical and theoretical significance in the theory of comparative linguistics and can be used in the theory and practice of teaching French in the discipline: theoretical grammar, comparative typology.

Purpose. The main target of the paper is to discuss the concept “teacher”, that is traditionally considered broader in Chinese linguoculture than in any other. Methodology and Approach. The article examines idioms, proverbs, sayings, that verbalize attitude towards the profession of a teacher in the Chinese language as well as reflect both traditional and modern point of view of the Chinese towards qualities a teacher should possess and his mission. Results. The analysis shows that due to transformations of social relations, new forms of communication, the ways of addressing people have acquired new meanings. Today it is appropriate to use the word “teacher” to address those being far from education. Theoretical and Practical implications. The description of peculiarities of language representation of concept ‘teacher’ contributes to understanding linguistic worldview of the Chinese, thus underlining the importance of the study.