Purpose: Study the use of metaphors and comparisons by journalists in order to influence the addressee in analytical articles of influential Russian and Spanish Newspapers. Research procedure and methods: The author analyzes the language material (metaphors and comparisons about the future American President D. Trump) according to the following criteria: belonging to metaphorical models and author’s or usual character. Results of the study: According to the results of the study, the author concludes That D. Trump is presented as a new force through the metaphorical model of nature in the Newspapers of the two countries. The difference lies in the Church model in the Spanish press. Practical / theoretical significance: Identify the impact of potential metaphors and similes due to their semantic richness and expressiveness. Addressee: The article is addressed to philologists and journalists studying language and means of expression in mass media.

The article firstly deals with a super-subject time to identify the distinctive features and functional characteristics of this type of a literary time. We used the methods of linguistic description, structural-functional modeling and contextual analysis. The analysis of the literary texts of various genres showed a non-obligatory presence of super-subject time expressed with such textological structures as sequel, epilogue, conclusion. It revealed that super-subject time was characterized by movement into anti-time zone being the final type in a chain of literary time limiting the literary text on right side. The theoretical relevance is confirmed by development of the existing concepts of the text nature by introduction of literary time category as a text-forming base with the revealing its constituents and their distinctive features. Practical relevance is reflected in possibility of using the results both in teaching and in further research work on the nature of the text.

The article analyzes “the man” as the basic concept of a number of humanities - from philosophy, psychology, cultural studies and linguistics to sociology, anthropology, ethnography and other sciences. The article shows that without the content analysis, it is impossible to make an adequate description of a person, his consciousness, culture and language. Thus, it is precisely linguistic studies that can clarify a lot in human knowledge.

The article concerns an actual problem of terminology - the term definition and considers this problem in the framework of Cognitive Terminology. The author presents results of the analysis of scientific articles on the above problem that were published in 2013-2018 on elibrary.ru. - the electronic scientific library. The practical study is aimed at identifying the cognitive characteristics of the term, which several authors use formulating definitions of the term. In the course of the study, the author concludes that within the framework of Cognitive Terminology there is no a universal term definition, however, it is possible to formulate a number of cognitive characteristics of the term: the term is viewed as a structure of special knowledge and as a multi-level multifunctional unit of the specialist’s mental process. The article is intended to be used by the terminologists.

This article is devoted to the of conceptual metaphors of game as means of creation of the image of a negative character in fiction. Novels of T. Pratchett’s “Discworld” were used as the material for the analysis of the types of metaphors, their verbalisation and experiential grounding, which was conducted using semantic, definitional and contextual analysis methods. While the function of cognitive metaphor in mass media and political discourse has been well-researched, the cognitive role of metaphor in creating images in fiction has not been thoroughly covered in the Russian linguistic tradition. The research has shown that conceptual metaphors with the source domains “game” and “toy”, verbalized in fiction via lexical categories play a part in the formation of a generalised negative character image, which remains stable within literary discourse.

The aim of the article is to analyze English Maritime Law terms from the point of view of systemic nature. The article seeks to systematize terminological units of maritime law and to introduce the classification of the given units on the basis of structural, etymological, semantic, morphological and genus proxima et differentia specifica criteria. The author studies English terminological dictionaries and glossaries of Maritime Law and selects most illustrative sample terms. The author uses the ‘systemic approach’ to single out specific categories of terms in the terminological system under analysis. The research has proved the systemic nature of the given terminology, and the terms of the area have been systematized. In conclusion, the author introduces the classification of English Maritime law terms. The classification is new in the field of terminological studies, as terminology of English Maritime Law remains rather unstudied compared to terminologies of other areas of law.

The present article is concerned with studying the interrogative negative sentences in French from the point of view of their structure, semantics and pragmatics. The results of the research led to the conclusion that the word order in this type of sentences is determined by some grammar and pragmatics conditions. The analysis shows that the morphological nature of the subject and some lexical-grammatical means to express agreement can be regarded as these conditions. The author proves that the communicative intention of the speaker influences the structure of the interrogative negative sentence.

Folkloric worldview studies are crucial to understand national identity. Poly-national character of the Spanish language determines the diversity of folk ideas of Spanish speaking peoples. Villancico, i.e. Spanish musical and religious form, is a unique example of Spanish folklore inherited by Creole folklore of Latin America. In this article, the authors present the results of the semiotic analysis of Spanish and Latin American villancico texts, reveal their universal biblical precedent basis, dialectal features of in the Spanish folklore, as well as nationally specific aspects in Latin American folklore. The authors collate key words in villancico, specify intrinsic types of addressing, as well as their ludic character, and reach a conclusion that villancico represents a heterogeneous text type which unique ethnospecific aesthetics is created due to the interaction of several chronotopes. The article is relevant to a wide range of linguists interested in problems of lexical semantics, fiction, religious, and song discourse, poly-national languages variants, theolinguistics, theory and practice of intercultural communication.

The aim of the article is to study the combinatorics of the phraseological predicate and to investigate the meaning of the phrase in the new context. The author conducted the experiment based on the RNC and search engines Yandex and Google, which provided rich empirical material. During the experiment, the possibility of using phrases with modified combinatorics in speech was studied and the semantic component of the phrase was analyzed. The analysis showed that the change of the combinatorics of the phraseological verbal predicate is quite a frequent phenomenon in the Russian language, which is associated with the individual cognitive space of the speaker. The data obtained add to the system of knowledge about the interaction of syntax, semantics and pragmatics of predicates, detailing the language capabilities of the modified combinatorics of phraseological units in the context, identifying features of allomorphism in the combinatorial potential of Russian and English languages.

The present article is devoted to the study of translation based on the adequate transfer of the ethnocultural component of the source-text humorous content. The author explicates different translation strategies, identifies individual means of representing the humorous content in Kataev’s stories and analyzes techniques for creating humorous effects in translations of Kataev’s stories into German in terms of adequacy to the original text and to culturally specific components. The objectives set have been achieved by means of the descriptive method, the method of contextual analysis, the semantic and stylistic approach involving linguocultural analysis. The author concludes that translation should follow a cultural retention policy in retaining the foreignness of the original humorous text, provided that the communicative and functional equivalence requirements of the source text and of the translated text are fulfilled.

The article gives a brief overview of translations of Soviet encyclopedic dictionaries into Chinese in chronological order, describes the Chinese edition of the “Soviet encyclopedic dictionary” (1986), one of the purposes of which was to acquaint the Chinese reader with the culture and science of the Soviet Union at that time, as well as to fill the gaps in Chinese encyclopedias. The features of macrostructure and microstructure of the Dictionary are considered in detail. Examples of headings and explanatory comments are given, strategies of translation of different types of information are analyzed.

This paper strives to show the importance of links between culture and politics, which some analysts say has been sadly neglected in contemporary political science. The theoretical base for this research includes reference to the ‘degree of acceptance’ of a call to securitise an issue or event. Such a ‘degree of acceptance’ of a securitisation issue or event, it is argued, may vary because of differing cultural norms in different countries. Transculturism, which advocates, in broad terms, seeing the ‘we’ in the ‘other,’ is also discussed in terms of identifying a theory which reifies culture as being of fundamental importance to global security. The measurement of alterations in the political views, over time, of western expatriates working and living in Russia is used as a case study. The tense East-West political environment at the time of writing this paper provides a sufficiently contrasting political climate within which any alterations of political orientation of western expatriates who took part in the research could be observed. Research showed that the political orientation of expatriates did not change in a ‘black and white’ way, however expatriates seem to develop and assimilate a second political identity, which gives them a meaningful (for them) alternative point of view on Russia and global security in general.

The article presents the methods of translating terminology, which determine the relevance of the problem of providing high-quality translation of scientific and technical texts. The lexical and syntactic features of the translation of various terms are analyzed. The main problems that translators face when translating terms from one language to another are considered. The main methods and techniques that a translator should use to ensure the most accurate, clear and competent translation of scientific and technical terms are described, namely: literal translation, free translation, transcription and reception of the translation of the figure. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the importance of taking into account the peculiarities of the ways of translation of scientific technical terms from Russian into Chinese and from Chinese into Russian, as not observing the peculiarities of the order of phrases and semantic connotations of terms, the translation is not accurate and different in meaning.