The article is concerned with the language means employed to express opposition “we-they” in British analytical articles on the Brexit Referendum. According to the conducted analysis, it is in the time of exacerbated social relations and differences that a political discourse abounds with the language means that explicitly convey opposition “we - they”, namely the key words of the given opposition; metaphors, which accentuate the state of conflict and opposition; active and passive voice structures, which express the paradigm of relations “the Establishment vs. people”.

The article describes a new linguistic phenomenon of literary tense. Modern linguistic has come closely to the necessity of its extraction while neither its definition, nor its structural characteristic, nor its types extraction, nor understanding of its role in text formation exists nowadays. This article presents an attempt to define the main points that characterize literary tense as a special speech phenomenon through distinction between textual and literary tense and literary tense types extraction. The analysis revealed that literary tense can be presented as volume speech reservoir the boundaries of which include the literary text in its entirety with its content, composition and communication.

The article focuses on the factors that cause horizontal sentence expansion of multiple complex-compound sentences used in English fictional literature. Considering the sentence structure as a combination of two units, paratactic and hypotactic, the author defines the structural peculiarities of a paratactic unit including the number of clauses and its internal and external bonds. The extension of paratactic unit within multiple complex-compound sentence in most cases depends on structural, semantic, contextual and stylistic factors.

The article deals with the category of pejorative assessment, expressed in particular by slurs, which constitute a special layer of evaluative vocabulary used as an instrument of verbal aggression towards representatives of certain ethnic, social, gender targeted groups. The article focuses on the specific features of the evaluative component in the semantic structure of a pejorative, delineates the correlation of derogatory terms with the pragmatic context, for which the concept of conventional and conversational implicatures is introduced as a means of decoding the sense of the utterance.

Through modeling a fictional situation, literary discourse is characterized by a dual dialogue: external (author - reader) and internal (fictional character - author / reader). Linguistic markers of the narrator’s position are ambiguous as they can implement both types of dialogue. Only a comprehensive study of all major markers (deixis, modality, informative aspect, stylistic features of disсourse) can determine the point of view of the narrator.

The article dwells upon the problem of studying the role of Latin in formation and development of botanical nomenclature. For realization of the abovementioned goal, the philological method for materials’ analysis is used. Comparison of classical Latin and botanical Latin is given; classifications of botanical terms are developed. In the paper, analysis of 100 selected names of plants corpus taken from the botanical dictionary of W.T. Stearn is carried out to reveal Latin origin of the terms. Relying on the research’s results, a conclusion that the majority of botanical terms originate from Greek or Latin-adapted Greek words is made.

The article considers the phenomenon of binding two independent sentences. Means of linking the mononuclear nominal sentence with the basic phrase are analyzed and classified. The research confirmed that binding of independent sentences is implemented through functioning of schemes which include the specified elements - articles and adjectives. The research is illustrated by examples from modern French prose.

French phoneticians were among the first to begin studying the functions of pauses in discourse. As long ago as the early 1970 s they worked out a classification of pauses which was widely accepted. Nowadays, an interdisciplinary approach to the study of pauses in discourse is being developed. Topical discourse such as debates on TV of political figures serves as material for research. Research workers focus their attention on the pragmatic function of pauses. The study of pauses has not only theoretical but also practical as well as didactic value because the identification of functions of pauses in discourse plays an important role in interlanguage and cross-cultural communication.

The article considers the problem of genre-stylistic and information-communicative characteristics of the most important form of official speech in the system of American public discourse - «The State of the Union Address», which is of particular value for understanding the patterns of public discourse in the modern US and its pragmatic potential. The authors analyzed the text of «The 1994 State of the Union Address» given by President W. J. Clinton. The analysis made it possible to identify the main features of this type of document in terms of genre and register characteristics, as well as to specify the main types of dictemes used in the Address.

This article deals with implied subject in English constructions with indefinite meaning. Analysis of constructions with one, you, they allow us to identify different types of implied subject. Its elimination and implication depends on different linguistic factors as our analysis shows. This research opens a new perspective of studying sentences with the subject expressed not directly but through the semeantic structure.

The examples taken from the British National Corpus have been studied according to the linguoculturological principles, with the focus on the content and language means of conveying the notion “dandy” in modern British linguistic and cultural studies. In the process of investigation six subtypes of the dandy are distinguished on the basis of the predominance of certain qualities, the most important characteristics of these subtypes are established. The results of the analysis confirm the existence of the stereotyped image of a dandy in modern British linguistic and cultural studies.

The aim of the article is to identify language units that objectify the concept “beauty” in the German gallant lyric. Language units are analyzed with regard to syntagmatic and paradigmatic parameters of the word. Сulture-specific features of the baroque epoch are taken into consideration. The author comes to the conclusion that the number of semes objectifying the concept “beauty” is limited, this is explained by thematic focuses of the German gallant lyric. Thematic restrictions and one-sidedness of the German gallant lyric is overcome by individual author metaphors and other expressive means of language.

One of the key notions for Semitic grammar is the notion of a root. This article is concerned with the development of the concept in the works of Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac linguists during the VIIth - Xth centuries. Morphology was always the field of interest of the Middle Eastern grammarians as well as phonology and syntax. The aim of the presented research is to investigate when the terms for root and affixes emerged in the Middle Eastern linguistics and how they were understood by the medieval authors.

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of Russian and English biblical phraseological units, which are not used as set linguistic expressions in the biblical translations into these languages. They were formed in the process of paraphrasing Bible stories and were fixed in dictionaries in certain structural semantic constructions. The subject of the analysis and comparison is Russian and English biblical phraseological units in their renewed shapes, lexical, grammar and semantic modifications in the structure of these units. Differences in adaptation to modern texts and the degree of the Bible influence on their modern occasional shapes are also a part of the comparative analysis.

The article deals with different ways of translation of elliptical sentences in dialogue from German to Russian language. Based on the works of the German literature the article discusses interrogative sentences with pronominal and non-pronominal question words and elliptical answers to them. The analysis of the different translation variants of dialogical unities revealed the need for a syntactic transformation of the elliptical response replicas when translated into Russian language. The analysis of the translations confirmed the apropriatness of the refusal in the translation from semantic and structural similarity to the source text in favor of the usage of the Russian language. The translation variants of dialogue with incomplete sentences are analyzed. The differences between syntactical structures of the German dialogical responses and similar replicas when translated into Russian are described.

The article deals with the problem of translation of Islamic anthroponyms designating personal names, surnames and nicknames. The study is based on the novel "The Kite Runner" by the modern writer Khaled Hosseini. The methods of the linguistic analysis, namely: selection, differentiating, description, comparison are used to analyze lexical-semantic peculiarities of translation. Special attention is paid to the translation strategies and principles. The author concludes that the main difficulties in translation are determined by the national identity and vivid imagery of Islamic anthroponyms. Results of research can be used in both theory and practice of translation.

The distinctive feature of realities is recognized in its national-cultural specificity, due to which in the texts that belong to a foreign culture, they usually function as exoticisms. However, the degree of contact between languages and nations can vary considerably, resulting in possible cases when for one culture the alien reality will be to some degree "assimilated", whereas for the other culture the situation will be fundamentally different. In this regard, the article discusses this type of words in the British (the vocabulary associated with British India) and American (words from various indigenous languages) variants of the English language and analyses some aspects of their rendering to the Russian language.