Purpose is to investigate the state of the historical, social and structural approaches to language study in the 20th century linguistics and to clarify the issue of the notion paradigm applied to the development of linguistics in this period. Methodology and Approach. The authors investigate different sources connected with the said problem. The critical analysis of the existing views and their comparison is given. Results. A number of points, that characterized the situation in linguistics of the last century and are reflected in the existing special literature are covered and specified. Theoretical and Practical implications. The factual material presented in the paper, as well as the conclusions based on the analysis of the latter will stimulate the more precise definition of the notion linguistic paradigm and may be used in University courses of the History of Linguistics, Theory of Language, Sociolinguistics, etc.

Purpose of the paper is to describe the semantic history of the word “sotzial'nii” (social) in the Russian language on the basis of analysis of dictionaries. Methodology and Approach. The author conducted a lexicographic analysis of the word “sotzial'nii” (social) based on the materials presented in the Russian dictionaries of various types (etymological, explanatory, full and short, highly specialized, encyclopedic, universal, frequency of use dictionaries, etc.) of the XIX-XXI centuries. Research methods such as the comparative historical method and the content analysis method have been used. Results. The data presented in the Russian explanatory and encyclopedic dictionaries have been analyzed and summarized. Conclusions are drawn about how the adjective “sotzial'nii” (social), first recorded in the dictionaries of the Russian language at the end of 1850 has gradually expanded the scope of its use, forming set expressions of terminological nature. Theoretical and Practical implications. The practical significance of the study of the word life cycle is to identify the original meaning of the lexical unit “sotzial'nii” (social), analyze its “semantic increments” and clarify the modern meaning, including the meanings it has as a part of fixed word combinations. The study of the semantic history of the word “sotzial'nii” (social) is necessary to clarify the meaning of set expressions such as ‘social'naja kommunikacija’ (social communication), ‘social'nyj perevod’ (social translation) in order to terminologize them.

The purpose of the study: to show that in the process of teaching foreign languages at a linguistic university, it is necessary to take into account the metalanguage function of the language, the presence of interlanguage homonymy, lacunarity and polysemantic linguistic terms, and many other phenomena that impede the perception of the studied language material. Methodology and Approach. The article analyzes the concept of “professional linguistic personality” from the position of its formation in the learning process at a language university. The method of definitive description and the comparative method are used. Results. The problem of studying such courses as language for special purposes and terminology, offered as compulsory educational disciplines, is indicated. Theoretical and/or Practical implications. The theoretical significance lies in expanding the available in terminology information on linguistic term. Practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the material in the professional activities of linguists. It is addressed to teachers of foreign languages, specialists in the field of intercultural communication, philologists.

Purpose of the article is to view conditions, means and ways of achieving effective results in contemporary communication. Methodology and Approach. The analysis of texts of different mass media genres has been carried out with the help of such methods as semantic component analysis, contextual analysis, interpretation of data. Results. The issue of correlation of particularities and meanings for effective mutual understanding was considered. Interpretation of the sense worldview from the perspective of new reality in sense puzzles and practical senses coinciding / non-coinciding in synchrony and diachrony, as well as sense transformations in this worldview are presented. The negative effect of the accelerated communication is discussed. Theoretical implications. The research develops theoretical views and summaries of the contemporary means and ways of sense communication: forming and rendering the thought.

The purpose of the work is to study three periods in the development of the language of French fiction. Methodology and Approach. Diachronic, comparative, functional research methods are used. Results. The author concludes that the first period in the development of the language of French fiction (XVII - XVIII centuries) was associated with a strict restriction of colloquial forms and the dominance of the literary language that met the requirements of the classical theory. In the second period (XIX - XX centuries) the spoken language within and outside the norm was used in the oral speech of characters in literary works. The third (XX - XXI centuries) develops on the basis of the language prevailing in the second period, and is characterized by the active penetration of all sub-styles of the spoken language into the author’s speech. Theoretical and Practical implications. The study allows us to trace the practical use of language in French fiction from the 17th century. to the present and identify the main trends in its development. The article is intended for a wide range of readers.

Purpose. The study establishes linguocultural characteristics of spellonyms in the onomasticon of the Australian etiological tale. Methodology and Approach. The authors analyze the corpus of Australian etiological tales. The chosen research methods include descriptive, word-building and etymological analyses, a method of linguocultural reconstruction of spellonym meanings as well as elements of the statistical method. Results. According to the results of the study, the authors proposed a typology of spellonyms, including 5 thematic groups; the origin and structure of the considered nominations are established. Theoretical and Practical implications. The undertaken research replenishes the pool of knowledge about folklore texts and the functions of spellonyms as signs saturated with national and cultural meanings as well as their role in creating artistic images.

The purpose. The paper is aimed at identifying the ways of expressiveness manifestation in employee magazines. Such magazines are published by a company to provide personnel with information about corporate activities to build its reputation with staff. Methodology and Approach. Descriptive, interpretive methods, as well as methods of continuous sampling, generalization of material and textual and linguistic analysis were used to analyze the issues of the employee magazine “Agenda” of the multinational corporation “Volvo” for 2013-2014 in order to identify the textual features of the media texts to explain why they are written the way they are. Results. Employee magazine focuses on connotative verbal means, high-impact storytelling, illustration and imagery. Both verbal and non-verbal means, as well as communication technologies are used to emphasize expressiveness in the media texts to shape personnel’s loyalty to the company. Theoretical and Practical implications. This research helps to supplement the theoretical material about the ways of expressing expressiveness. The results of the analysis can be used in preparing materials for employee magazines.

The purpose of the research is to study the use of stylistic expressive means in the American journal “Foreign Affairs”. Methodology and Approach. The analysis of linguistic material was conducted, groups of evaluative vocabulary and thematic groups were formed, frequency of their usage was determined. Examples of lexical and syntactical stylistic devices used to produce a certain impact on the reader are presented. The research methods applied are methods of content analysis, stylistic, semantic and analytical analysis. Results. The result of the study is that the policy and content of the journal defines the lexical stylistic features of the media text. Addressing to a well-educated reader and sticking to corporate culture of the journal determines the usage of metaphors, allusions and phraseological units. Theoretical and Practical implications. The research defines the impact potential of stylistically coloured vocabulary and syntax. The article is addressed to those who study expressive means of a media text.

The purpose of this paper is to study the fantastic realities in the work of the Strugatskys. Methodology and Approach. the specifics of the subject of the study and the tasks set led to the use of the following methods: descriptive and analytical; semantic-stylistic and comparative. Results. The analysis of the novel “Roadside Picnic” showed that the fantastic realities used by the writers contribute to the perception of a fictional world. The article summarizes new material on the topic under study, the author introduced fantastic science realities. Theoretical and Practical implications. The theoretical significance lies in the systematization of ideas about the translation of fantastic realities on the basis of the Strugatskys’ story “Roadside Picnic”; clarification of the concept “fantastic realities”, as well as in a detailed analysis of realities in the work of the Strugatskys. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that research materials can be used in courses of theory and practice of translation, comparative lexicology of Russian and English languages, and stylistics of translation.

The purpose is to identify the similarities and differences of the concepts KISLYI / SOUR / SUAN in Russian, English and Chinese linguocultures. Methodology and Approach. The lexical meanings of the concepts verbalizers are taken into account, as well as set phrases which contain these lexemes. The research methods are conceptual-semantic, comparative and prototype analyses. Results. The results prove that the general idea of the sour taste coincides in those three linguocultures. The differences are observed in the taste prototypes. Besides, in all these linguocultures sour is associated with sadness and pain. In addition, in the Russian linguoculture the features of 'displeasure', 'sorrow' and 'depression' are observed; in the English linguoculture - 'offense', 'disappointment', 'anger', 'trouble' and 'failure'; and in the Chinese linguoculture - 'sadness', 'pain', 'powerlessness', 'jealousy', 'pedantry' and 'poverty'. Theoretical and Practical implications. The results of the research allow to present the semantic structures of the concepts KISLYI / SOUR / SUAN from a comparative perspective and can guarantee a better understanding of perceptual experiences and verbalization processes of the Russian, English and Chinese nations.

The purpose is to identify the differences between translations of the same texts about academic activity performed by different translators, as well as to formulate the main reasons for these differences. Methodology and Approach. The author analysed the initial texts and translations of the conference devoted to the twentieth anniversary of the Bologna Process using a comparative analysis method. The factors that influence the discrepancies in translations were considered. Results. It was showed that translations can differ stylistically, and in the choice of lexical units. It was also established that translations contain actual errors that lead to distortion of the original texts. The article provides examples of such distortions and analyses the possible causes of their occurrence. Theoretical implications consist in the analysis of discrepancies in documents referring to academic activity. Practical implication involves the prospective usage of the data acquired in the translation practice of international documents from English into Russian.