The paper is devoted to the issues of opposition and negation in coordinative structures of the French language. These issues are associated with a whole complex of structural-semantic and communicative-pragmatic problems. Lexical-grammatical features of adversative coordination can differ in the simple sentence with negation and in the compound sentence with negation.

The present paper analyses the main peculiarities and specific features of the modern French lexical system that contribute to cognitive resources of the intellectual acts. The article presents the correlative analysis of the vocabulary units of the different types.

105005, Moscow, Radio street, 10А, Russian Federation Abstract. The present paper is dedicated to two important dates in the history of linguistics - the 200^thanniversary of the publication of F. Bopp's work ‘On the Conjugation System of Sanskrit in Comparison with that of Greek, Latin, Persian and Germanic’ and the posthumous appearance after a century F. de Saussure's ‘Course in General Linguistics’. Each of these books reflected, on the one hand, the main tendencies in linguistics in the period of their publication, and on the other, they were the starting point of the such paradigms as comparative linguistics and structuralism.

The paper treats the problem of correlation of consciousness and mentality as, on the one hand, a whole set of intellectual processes working up various perceptions and determining the orientation of a personality in the surrounding reality, and on the other hand, mentality is regarded as the assessing part of consciousness. We put forward a principle concerning two functional spheres of language: firstly, the system of nominations, and secondly, a system of predicative conversion of nominations. Within the framework of interaction between these spheres three types of semantics have been distinguished according to the degree of logical strictness: of common type, of non-rigorous notional type, of rigorous notional type. The idea of meneme is presented and the notion is defined as a mentality element of culture. Its role in the formation of the ideological core of personality is demonstrated.

The article clarifies the concept of “textoid.” The main characteristics of the textoid as a speech phenomenon are pointed out. The explanation of ontological genesis of textoids is suggested. The main methodological issue of the paper is the change of the interpretation of the concept discourse, traditionally represented as a dyad “text” - “discourse”. In the present article, this dyad is transformed into a triple formula “text” - “textoid” - “discourse”. The parameter “lacunarity” is claimed to be inherent in speech communication and in discourse.

The paper deals with the status of the global language in connection with the so-called world languages. It is postulated, that despite the definite similarity of their functions, connected with their using as the official means of international communication, there is a principal distinction between the said notions that must be studied. A critical survey of thepoint of view that English must be used in socially important spheres, especially in scientific publications, almost exclusively is represented. The paper also deals with the problem of such projects as Globish and Basic English.

The paper covers the current issues of scientific style represented in different types of scholarly speech, problems of text structure, caused by cognitive activity of the academic author, representation of theoretical knowledge in text of the scholarly article. All-round review of academic, publicistic and popular scholarly speech is presented in the investigation.

The paper deals with the necessity for the integration of different sciences to corroborate a new scientific direction in cognitive communicology called linguistic ecology or ecolinguistics. The author postulates the interdependence of language ecology with human ecology and their mutual role in shaping compatibility mode of utterances. The research discourse analyses of institutional and translators’ intercultural communicative situations prove that there is no direct connection between them, this connection is situational. The author offers new perspectives on how to shift a focus of human cognition in order to defend language from being hurt by an individual usage. The analysis of the communicative situations of intoxicative text translation, their social and cultural incompatibility, seem to be of a paramount importance in this respect.

The article contains argumentation in favour of the view that introducing the concept of linguocultural code alongside with those of cultural code and verbal code is expedient and necessary for research purposes. A code is regarded as a sign system performing the functions of text generator and sense regenerator. A linguocultural code is treated as a verbal manifestation of a cultural code arising from expansion of cultural codes into natural language. Examples are given to illustrate interaction of verbal and cultural codes in the process of text generation.

The article deals with the main stages of expressing the category of identity that takes place in its implementation in speech clearly traced in teaching foreign languages, in particular Russian as a foreign language. Their operation on the sound level is disclosed. The author gives some specific recommendations on improvement of pronunciation skills in terms of bringing them to a state of identical pronunciation of the foreign language.

The paper is devoted to comparison of lexicographic definitions in dictionaries and real functioning of the unit in language consciousness of native speakers. Distinctions in respect of the description of meanings, and in respect of temporal features are investigated. It is shown that psycholinguistic experiments reveal meanings really present in language consciousness; reveal new word meanings, not fixed by dictionaries; reveal dynamics of semantic development of words.

The paper focuses on the Russian sentence model of the type Mne ne spitsja (lit. Me-Dative not sleep-reflexive), which requires a special predicate type denoting prospectless activity. This predicate type was outlined by Ju.S. Maslov. The paper offers a semantic description of the model, based on the semantic features such as + / - control, phase perception of the activity, prospectless activity, etc. The author suggests a description for an infinitival sentence model which, she claims, also calls for the predicate type in question - A ona -khokhotat (lit. And she - laugh-infinitive).

In the paper the semiotic structure and functions of speech acts are revealed from the I-speaker perspective which forms binary symmetric/asymmetric structure and framing of a speech act thus constructing YOU as its alter ego. Subjectivity determines referential relations of all speech act components as well as the semiotic language structure as a whole. Pragmatic category of personality provides for the stability of the binary speech act framing and simultaneously describes and precisely reveals language subjectivity features within speech acts. I-speaker integrates three semiotic functions of language: symbolic, expressive and appellative ones.

In a piece of work of applied linguistics the author introduces some components of computer science paradigm into linguistic research. Using intellectual (frame) model as a tool of knowledge management in problem solving for language teaching, the author defines a new text unit - interpreting discourse.

The given paper is devoted to the problem of using authentic texts in teaching second foreign language. The paper considers the interdependence between objective and subjective factors presented in treated texts. Authentic texts are believed to combine both linguistic and extralinguistic components. The suggestion is based on linguistic, psychological, methodical and sociolinguistic aspects viewed in the paper.

The article is devoted to the analysis of an allowable degree of adaptation of a belle letters up to a level of a “graphic novel” from positions of the polycode text and creolization researches. The analysis is carried out by the example of A. Conan Doyle novel “The Hound of Baskervilles” and the same graphic novel. In the paper distinctions between comics and the graphic novel are marked, and also by means of computer program TextSTAT the reduction degree of the text and an opportunity of extraction implicit information non-verbal expressed is estimated.

The article is devoted to siciolinguistic aspects of the Russian language substandard forms evolution in diachronic aspect. The article deals with specific substandard fragments of the Russian language - Soviet camp speech, which existed on the territory of the former Soviet Union from the beginning of the 1920s till the middle of 1980s, and prison jargon of the past fifteen years of the new century. Certain features of the contemporary prison jargon are revealed, including mainly nominal character of speech, a significant number of thieves’ slang words, intentional impressiveness of speech. The analysis of thematic groups of prisoners’ jargon is provided. The major results of the conducted research are as follows: sociolects under analysis are to be treated as different types of social dialects, due to the difference in their origin, specificity of their functions and distinctions in their features, resulting from social factors of heterogenic nature.

In the paper we make an attempt to apply the processes of sound mutations to the semantic-phonetic complex “gt” in solving the etymology of the East-Germanic tribe known as goths now. Having appeared quite unexpectedly in III A.D. approx. On the territory of the Crimea they’ve created the greatest monument of Germanic - Codex Argenteus. Our analysis is based on phonetic comparison of the name of the tribes fixed in the ancient Anglo-Saxon poem “Beowulf” including the same semantic-phonetic complex - “gt”.

The paper is a review of the main translation problems of the scientific, technical and military terms, described in the works of the outstanding scientist, the expert on translation science, applied linguistics, one of the founders of translation of the American military terminology in Russian professor L.L. Nelyubin. In the present paper the ways of translation of multicomponent terms, complexities of translation of different kinds of reductions, abbreviations, etc., studied in L.L. Nelyubin’s scientific heritage are considered in details.

The article is devoted to the problem of finding correct foreign language equivalents in text translation. The author analyzes the influence of national and cultural realia upon the world view and gives examples which can help translators navigate through the labyrinths of text translation.

Pragmatic typology of translated texts is very important for formal methods , such as automatic dictionaries, machine translation systems, especially for translation of scientific and technical texts .Pragmatic typology helps to improve the quality of translation and use of new informational technologies for translation. Its importance lies in the fact that scientific and technical texts constitute from 80% to 90% of the general volume of translations in the world.

Scientific progress and growth of technology, followed by rapid development of new branches of production, require adequate nomination and consequently constant expansion of vocabulary, emergence of new terms and formation of terminological systems. In the framework of these developments, problems of analyzing and systemizing modern terminology and emerging terminological systems are discussed in the present article.