The article presents the analysis of the literary tense category which is considered as a structural-forming base for texts of all genres. Current approaches to understanding the nature of the text, characteristic features of the text accepted in modern science are identified and described in the article. For the first time structural characteristics of literary tense are identified and three main time phases with which the literary tense is constantly in contact are singled out, namely the proper tense, the anti-time and the pseudo-time. The introduction of the literary tense category allowed us to distinguish between the concept of text and textual utterance and expand existing views on the nature of the text.

The paper is devoted to the problem of revealing potential conflict zones in the linguistic landscape of Ufa as a modern poly-ethnic city where different languages and cultures coexist. The author considers ‘conflict’ in connection with the notion of contradiction as a special speech act. The article discusses the results of experimental studying specific features of linguistic landscape perception applying the “internal counter-text” method. The analysis of the experimental data reveals several potential conflict zones in Ufa linguistic landscape, each associated with the language used in it, the ranging of the languages used and the quality of translation from one language to the other one.

The article deals with etymological, onomasiological and structural analyses and develops some approaches to the systematization and organization of perfusiology terminology. Since the semantic group under analysis belongs to the so-called «young» terminological systems, it seems necessary to provide rationale for its close study and reveal peculiarities of its systematizing, as well as itemizing. The terms under analysis comprise the «machine» section of the perfusiology terminology.

The article sums up the new material about the synaesthetic metaphor phenomenon and functioning of synaesthetic metaphors in the texts that describe wine. The texts that describe wine were analyzed by the author that resulted in a classification of synaesthetic metaphors based on their content along with finding of the special structure of texts that describe wine. In conclusion the results of the present study are integrated with the results of the previous study of synaesthetic metaphors used in the texts describing perfume, which demonstrates a deep bound which exists between mind, language and sensory system.

The concept “strange” is analyzed in the article from the point of view of the category of evaluation that includes several components. The concept “strange” is a rational normative particular evaluation which indicates deviation from the norm accepted in society or a social group. The vector of evaluation (positive or negative) of the concept “strange” depends on certain parameters, the main of which is context. As the degree of deviation from the norm increases the evaluative situation based on the concept “strange” acquires such characteristics as expressiveness and intensification of the evaluative property.

The paper is devoted to one of the most controversial parts of speech in the English language - the article. Our aim is to determine the dependence of the use of the article on a situation. Morphological, syntactic and communicative goals of the article are determined. The types of the communicative situations requiring the use of this or that article are pointed out and systematized, different ways of their construction and the conditions of the realization in the process of speech are discussed.

The article presents comparative analysis of the research on the theory of the film translation; the problems of film translation and the proposed methods for their solution are developed and systematized; the classifications of the film translation are considered, the prevailing types of film translation in different countries are described. The terms audiovisual translation and film translation are compared. In addition, the main stages of the history of cinematography and the development of film translation are considered. The conducted research proves the necessity of development and introduction in the program of training of translators a separate course on the theory and technique of film translation.

The present paper considers some aspects of the translation theory, as approached by the representatives of Romanticism and their contemporaries. Despite the existence of a number of works on this topic, its interpretation still remains largely contradictory. This can be explained by the peculiarities of the romanticists’ Weltanschauung, as well as by the fact, that their views in certain cases could be similar to the ideas of their contemporaries who did not belong to Romanticism. The authors underline the necessity to preserve the principle of historic objectivity when analyzing this problem.

The article aims at revealing and systematizing the most common types of word-formation for onomastic neologistic realia (ONR) in French, English and Russian mass media. The definition of ONR is developed, the factors explaining the choice of mass media as a source of material for the article are analyzed. The research is conducted using word formation analysis within the framework of the comparative method. The research was based on spacious lexical material - mass media texts in the three languages. The investigation leads the author to the conclusion that the use of two or more notional and functional words, the development of a new meaning, abbreviation and blending, composition are the most typical ways of ONR formation in the three languages.

Аbstract. This article discusses the concept ‘family’ as a part of the ‘childhood’ concept and its representation in the Russian and English memoirs by female writers of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The research consisted in carrying out a comparative analysis of authors’ associative fields with the standard ones built on the Russian and English associative thesauri data. The research revealed that both authors’ fields demonstrate a high degreeof individualization, the Russian one being more detailed.

The article shows the main features of literary translation. The authors focus on the translation of poetic texts: the article presents methods and techniques for effective ways of translating poetry, which are formulated in the form of recommendations for novice translators - students of faculties of foreign languages. The article will be interesting also to teachers of faculties of foreign languages, translators and people, who are interested in poetic translation. Poetic works of the great German poet Heinrich Heine and their translations into Russian language made by famous Russian translators were used for analysis of the poetic texts.

This article deals with the semantic translation mistakes in the translations of dialogue from German to Russian language. Based on the works of German literature and their translations into Russian the article discusses the most common semantic mistakes: uncertainty caused by misunderstanding of the contextual meaning of the original phrase and semantic misrepresentations caused by the mistakes of a semantic nature. The article analyzes translation mistakes associated with different pre-information resources of native German and Russian languages not accounting of translators and with misunderstanding of the contextual meaning of the original replica, leading to semantic disruption of language units. Based on analyzes the article confirmed the need to preserve the semantic and expressive content of the phraseological units of the original replicas in the translation. To preserve the meaning of the jargon there is the necessity to submit the expressive and stylistic coloring of the original replicas in the translation, what means the interdisciplinary nature of the indicated problems of this article.

The article deals with the problem of naming mechanism, which has always been of particular interest to linguists, especially when it comes to units of socio-group dialects. The article explores the basis for renaming the concepts of a sociolect, and concludes that the choice of translation means for rendering the lexemes of a social dialect depends on the mechanism of the naming strategy, adopted by this sociolect. The term relexicalization is introduced to describe the processes of word coining within the socio-group dialect on intralinguistic and interlinguistic levels.