This article presents the study of the discourse of travel blogs as a form of institutional discourse. The main methodological approaches to linguistic phenomena at the end of the 20th century are considered as part of the process of changing language studies from the mechanistic ontology into a discursive one. The preconditions of distinguishing this type of discourse in science are analyzed. The concept of “discourse community” by John Swales is chosen as a theoretical basis, the key points of this study are illustrated by examples of the most popular Russian and English travel blogs. In conclusion the advantage of consideration of tourism blogosphere in the framework of institutional discourse is proved.

In the article the professional-language picture of the world of the medical specialist is considered, the definition is given, the main characteristics of the professional-language picture of the world of the medical specialist are highlighted. The article analyzes the professional-linguistic picture of the world of obstetrics and gynecology subject areas, which is not uniform in its composition. It includes special lexemes, professionalisms, modifiers, nomenclature. The analysis showed that special lexemes expand, deepen the professional and linguistic picture of the world of a medical specialist and they are characteristic of the field of medicine.

The article gives the assessment of the necessary and sufficient number of texts in order to conduct a reliable phonosemantic analysis. The study was conducted using texts of election TV debates during the presidential campaigns of 2012 and 2017. The paper presents a mathematical formula that includes the dependence of the characteristics of the confidence interval, sampling error, sample size and standard deviation. The article presents the results of calculations based on transcribed sounds of the French language produced with the help of the Excel program. The table given in the article demonstrates not only the values of the sound fraction in the texts, but also the percentage of the permissible error in the study, as well as the required amount of the studied material. The obtained results allow to make a conclusion about the reliability of the results obtained in the phonosemantic analysis, based on the study of the texts of political debates.

The article presents an attempt to analyze the content of the term “discourse” and formulate a definition which fully and unambiguously expresses the semantics of its meaning, since the great variability of the existing definitions of the term leads to ambiguity in understanding its essence. In the article discourse is considered from the position of: a) dividing speech into internal and external under the condition of semantic identity of information in each kind of speech and b) the emergence of communicative links in the case of equal intellectual level of information sender and recipient. As a result, discourse is defined as a bifunctional speech phenomenon based on a common intellectual and informative level that unites communicants into a single communication field, the result of which is a text and one of the fundamental categories determining its creation is literary tense.

Abstarct. The article analyses the ability of the texts with a formally different subject of speech to render the emotive condition of the author. The author makes a conclusion, that the shift of language codes from one system to another significantly increases the emotiveness and sense capacity of the text. That is due to discursive analyses, characterized by functional and anthropological approaches that the author finds the clue to understanding of the text. The main conclusion of the work is that text hybridity, which is the ability to include several subjects of speech, is conveyed both through the form and the context.

The role of colour nominations in modern English fiction and mass media for creating highly impressive textual images is studied. Impressiveness notionally associated with emotiveness and intensity is viewed as an important factor stimulating the speech recipient’s imagination. In a work of art the impressiveness is achieved by contrasting the demonstrated facts. The contrast and the choice of colour are determined by the purpose of the author. The contrast of opposed meanings in the analyzed texts was created by opposing green, blue, and red colours. Comparison of belles-lettres and journalistic texts shows that these two spheres of creative activity are similar in impressive use of colour nominations. It is even more evident in advertising where the colour nominations can be considered as one of the most effective means of influencing the reader’s feelings and stimulating his intention of buying the advertised goods.

The article presents the analysis of phrasal verbs as means of expressing the categories of space and time in a creolized text. The study was based on the assumption that phrasal verbs, due to their complex structure in which the verbal component is the core of the meaning, and the postposition component determines semantic variability of the phraseological unit, are the linguistic means that can provide the most comprehensive transfer of denotative categories of space and time. The material of the study was the film by Ian Softley - “K-PAX”. The transcribed linguistic material was divided into groups according to the thematic concepts expressed by the verbal and postposition components. The analysis showed that phrasal verbs are capable to express both categories - of space and time - simultaneously.

The article investigates functions of regional dialects in modern society. This study is focused on the description of the native speaker’s speech in different situations. The aim of the study is to describe some characteristics of speech communication among native speakers in Swabia. The research has been carried out by the method of discourse analysis of directly observed texts. As a result of the study of Swabian regional dialect use in different situations new social functions of regional dialects have been discovered. The results of the study may be useful for sociolinguistics as a description of the territorial dialect functioning in society.

The article is focused on the hyperbolization as one of the stylistic devices of creating euphemisms. The study reveals the features peculiar to the significational-denotational component of the meaning, where the basic meanings of the lexical item undergo modification in the process of euphemisation and hyperbolization. The author clarifies and systematizes functions which euphemistic hyperbolization carries out. The thematic analysis of the euphemistic lexis has been considered in the study.

The subject of the article is the analysis of cross-cultural differences of verbal and non-verbal codes in specific communicational contexts. Each participant of the communication is considered to have his own system of rules. The author reveals the social norm of translation based on professional texts. The practical experience of the professional text analysis is summarized with its specific terminology. It is proved that the literary work always reflects the objective reality. The attitude towards reality is conditioned by the existence. It is easier to express this attitude in terms of different modality levels. Some sectors have achieved certain improvements, but the general rules for choosing a translation strategy remain debatable.

The present paper deals with the problem of the so-called ‘everyday words’ in translations of Holy Writ. The material of the research are the words ὑπόδημα and σάνδᾰλον denoting different kinds of footwear. The difference between rendering them into Russian in different Versions of translation is analyzed. It is postulated that the mismatch could be explained both by the phenomenon of polysemy and by semantic difference between Russian and Church Slavonic words. The object of study are the fragments of various translations of the 19th - 21st centuries, that include corresponding lexemes (Mat. 3: 11), (Luke 3: 16), (Mark 6: 9), (Acts 12: 8), the subject of the study - the techniques of translation, especially hyponymic and hyperonymic methods. Besides Russian versions are compared with Latin and English ones.

The article is devoted to riddles and corresponding answers in the perspective of gender identity in English, German and Russian languages. Multistage research of the language units is conducted including survey of corresponding literature, choice of linguistic methods (descriptive, comparative methods and distributive analysis) as well as selection, distribution and study of gender-marked riddles according to the presented models of correlation based on the relation of male, female and zero-gender reference. Highlighting the reasons for the productivity analysis of the correlation models, the author comes to the conclusion that in German models with male reference dominate, in Russian models with female reference prevail, while in English zero-gender reference prevails.

The article presents the results of a study of the zoononymic code of Russian and Chinese linguoculture, where culture is understood as a nationally conditioned semiotic system. The comparative analysis of linguistic metaphors, figurative comparisons, idioms, proverbs with the ornithonymic component “chicken” demonstrated the technique of linguistic and cultural research of zoonymic code. Similarities and differences in the semantics of ornithonyms are shown, symbolic meanings of the word «chicken» inherent in Chinese and Russian linguocultures are defined. The results of the study show the universal and national-conditioned characteristics of the bird, which became the basis for a metaphorical reinterpretation .

The subject of the article is the differentiation of derivational loan translation from morphemic translation. The analysis involves Russian texts of the XVIII-XIX centuries, which are compared with the calqued units of the German language, using methods of comparative, structural-semantic, contextual, etymological analyses and chronological description. The authors developed a typology of deviations from the complete structural identity of language units of the donor language and the recipient and as a result came to the conclusion, that derivational calques on the basis of compounding are structurally inaccurate and cannot be the result of morphemic translation.

The article deals with etymology and development of meaning of the lexemes “tithe” and “desyatina” in English and Russian. Thus, the lexeme “tithe” originally meant “voluntary contributions to the church”. Later this practice was included in the state taxation system and the lexeme developed the meaning “compulsory payment”, and finally, the lexeme again acquired the meaning “voluntary deductions in favor of the church”. The Russian lexeme “desyatina”, recorded in written monuments in the 10th century, changed the meaning as well. First, it meant “deductions in favor of the church”, which had been the main source of the church revenue for many centuries; this practice was abolished at the end of the nineteenth century, and the word passed into the category of historicisms. The results of the comparative analysis with the use of the data from more than 30 lexicographic sources in both languages convince that the development of the institution of the church tithe in English and Russian linguocultures and transformation of the lexemes “tithe” and “desyatina” occurred almost simultaneously.