Aim. The study was carried out with the aim of creating a cognitive map of the logistics hyperframe, describing the concept sphere of the logistics industry, identifying new concepts that are applicable to the analysis of all domain hyperframes, classifying the components of the superordinate level of the hyperframe and identifying the effect of changing the hyperframe on terminographic publications and educational literature on LSP. Methodology. As part of the preparation of this work, a cognitive analysis of professional literature was carried out in order to identify the components of the hyperframe. Additionally, a diachronic analysis of the development of the basic concept and visualization of the result were carried out. During the study, the following methods were used: linguo-cognitive analysis, frame analysis and component analysis. Results. On the basis of results the following activities were conducted: the cognitive map of logistics hyperframe was created; the notions of the key concept of the field and the key concept of the field activity were pointed out and proposed for general application in the process of cognitive analysis; the components of superordinate level were classified; conclusions were drawn about the need to update the dictionaries and educational literature on LSP. Research implications. The research results can be used within the framework of terminology, terminography, for teaching language for special purposes.

Aim. The paper aims to present the results of the conceptual analysis of the cognitive metaphor found in W. S. Churchill’s linguistic personality. Methodology. Through the analysis of W. S. Churchill's military speeches, the author examines the role of the cognitive metaphor in structuring the linguistic personality of the political leader. Thus, the core of the institutional political discourse is analyzed, i.e., the speeches delivered by the politicians. The cognitive approach to the metaphor allows to diversify the research material, and therefore not only the metaphors themselves, including the extended metaphor, but also metaphorical epithets, periphrases, etc. are taken into consideration. Special attention is paid to the source-domain and the target-domain of the metaphorical expansion in W. S. Churchill’s discourse. The research uses the descriptive method, conceptual analysis, and the continuous sampling method. Results. The findings demonstrate the key role of the cognitive metaphor in structuring the linguistic personality of the politician under consideration. Research implications. The research results contribute to the cognitive approach towards the nature of metaphor. The practical significance of the research is determined by the possibility of applying the results in lexicographic practice, namely in author's lexicography.

Aim. The article presents systematization and comparative analysis of interdependent elements of the linguoaxiosphere, actualized in British and American drama discourse. Methodology. The analysis of the English-language drama discourse was carried out with the method of complex discourse-communicative linguoaxiological interpretation. Results. It was proved that the discursive space of the English-language drama consistently reflects the content of each level of the linguoaxiosphere as a cognitive-discursive formation. Linguistic value-evaluative representation is characterized by similar patterns in British and American stylized dialogue with a relative deviation in the frequency ratio of pejorative and meliorative evaluation; however, the level of value dominants demonstrates qualitative and quantitative divergence. Research implications. The research contributes to clarification of structural and content aspects of the English-language linguoaxiosphere, with special emphasis on their communicative accentualization, as well as on extension of the theoretical points of discursive linguoaxiology as a perspective direction of contemporary linguistics.

Aim. The following article presents the analysis of main characteristics and distinctive features of interrogative sentences with direct word order in French language in diachronic aspect. Evolution of semantic and grammar particularities of SV-type question in XI-XVII centuries is considered. Semantic and syntactic differences of interrogative construction with direct word order and interrogative with inversion are analyzed. Methodology. An important corpus of examples from belles-lettres of XI-XVII centuries chosen by continuous sampling method was analyzed. The methodological basis of the research are: contrastive-comparative method, linguistic notice and description method, context, communicative-pragmatic and contrastive analysis of studied facts in synchronic and diachronic aspects. Results. The analysis detected main differences of interrogative with direct word order from interrogative with inversion to the one hand and from narrative sentence to the other hand. The research proved that the predilection of SV structure is explained by some interdependent structural-semantic and pragmatic-sociolinguistic factors. Research implications. The research results can be used in teaching of French language history and special courses of theoretical grammar at the bachelor and master levels.

Aim. To study and analyze the linguistic ideas of French grammarians in European linguistics of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Methodology. The main method of research is a comparative-descriptive technique. During the research, the correlation of logical and grammatical in the representation of philologists was analyzed. Results. The works of the grammarians of Port Royal are of interest to modern scholars-philologists, philosophers, historians of science and culture, and representatives of other sciences. These works will help us to understand more clearly and fully the range of interests and the manner of presentation of the scholars of grammar of the eighteenth century, who wrote in France not only for the French, but for the whole of «enlightened Europe». Research implications. The results of the research are significant in the study of French linguistics, and can be used in the theory and practice of teaching French at the undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels in the following disciplines: theoretical grammar of the French language, history of the French language.

Aim. The paper analyzes the notion of political correctness with regard to the translation of the texts, referred to as sacred ones. The authors show the main ways of giving the said texts the politically correct character and discuss the problem of their status as translations. Methodology. The data of the investigation includes some versions of the Bible published mainly in last decades of the 20th - the beginning of the 21st century. The methods of philological analysis and text interpretation, as well as comparative method have been used. Results. Although the politically correct approach in its gender aspect goes back to the end of the 19th century, its broad expansion in Western culture belongs to the final quarter of the 20th century. In its most radical form this approach is represented in the so-called “feminist theology”; but it may be also observed to a greater or lesser extent in other versions; so arises the question, if they may be called translations in the proper sense of the word. Speaking about the new Russian translations of the Bible, it may be said, that despite their discrepancies with the traditional text, that caused the contradictory reaction, the said tendency in them is practically non-existent. Research implications. Both the factual material represented in the article and the results of its study may be applied in further investigation of interlingual communication problems and teaching of the translation theory, text interpretation, cultural linguistics, etc.

Aim. To analyze M. V. Lomonosov works, which reveal his views on translation as an important type of interlanguage interaction and on the role of the Russian language as a target language. Methodology. The analysis of M. V. Lomonosov’s article ‘On translations’, which is presented in the form of synopsis, is carried out in comparison with the scholar’s views on the problem of translatability and the role of the Russian language in its provision in his “Works on Philology of 1739-1758”. Descriptive and comparative methods are used. Results. M. V. Lomonosov defended the idea of translatability, the ability of the Russian language to convey the character of the original with the proper completeness. The scholar considered it necessary to respect the Russian language and protect it from unjustified borrowings that penetrate into it in the translation process. Lomonosov noted the peculiarities of transferring rhymes, names, titles and forms of address from French to Russian, and the use of some grammar structures in the translation language. Research implications. The research adds to the understanding of the role of M. V. Lomonosov in the history of Russian translation and the significance of his statement about the need for careful use of the Russian language as the language of translation.

Aim. The research is an attempt to describe the principles of the knowledge representation in the learner’s thesaurus based on the cognitive approach. Methodology. The systematization of the empirical evidence on the research topic is carried out using the descriptive method; a cognitive modeling approach implements a concept description as an integral mental unit; inductive reasoning is used to create a learner’s thesaurus extract. Results. It has been proven, that a learner’s lexico-phraseological thesaurus as a lingual pattern of the knowledge representation is aimed at improving theoretical and practical basis research in the field of modern lexicography, in particular ideographic phraseography, and searching for new methods of linguo-cognitive and lexicographic description of lexical and phraseological units, verbalizing the concept „Communication“ through the lexico-phraseological field on the basis of the English, German and Russian languages. Research implications. The research contributes to the upgrade of the trilingual lexicographical and phraseographical theories aimed at the practical language learning according to the principle: a concept is a lexical and/or phraseological unit.

Aim. The analysis of linguistic means of ethnic issue coverage in British and American press from 2016 till 2020 at lexical and grammatical level. Methodology. Using the methods of continuous sampling and quantitative analysis and comparative method, the articles of online editions of American newspapers (the New York Times, the Washington Post) and British (the Guardian, the Independent) were analyzed to determine the most frequent lexical and grammatical structures which occur in English and American press in a given period in reporting the problems of racism, immigration, segregation, social stratification, unequal treatment of different nationalities in politics, education, criminal sphere, social life and culture. Results. The results of quantitative and comparative analysis show that the most frequent grammatical structure is the comparative construction. At the lexical level the vocabulary with negative evaluation prevails, and the application of quantitative analysis of vocabulary in British and American press shows which issues are most often raised in the context of the ethnic issue coverage during a particular period of time. Research implications. The data obtained in the research may be used in theory of translation, in the course of practical translation classes, as practical material for teachers, students, and postgraduates who study linguistic and pragmatic features of newspaper language and style.

Aim. To analyse N. Kruszewski’s “Outline of Linguistic Science” in the aspect of naturalistic conception of language, to compare linguistic views of N. Kruszewski and of other linguists of naturalistic school of the XIX century, to define if N. Kruszewski’s scientific work correlate to linguistic naturalism. Methodology. The main methods of the research are: descriptive analytical, comparative methods. Results. The article touches upon the following issues reviewed in “Outline of Linguistic Science” by N. Kruszewski’s and in the scientific works of linguists of naturalistic school: language as a living being, linguistics as a natural science, thought-language correlation, question of “Turanian languages”, natural selection and struggle for life of linguistic elements. The similarities of the views by N. Kruszewski and linguists of naturalistic school on these problems are revealed. Research implications. The research results contribute to the theory of linguistic naturalism, of Kazan linguistic school and one of its representatives - N. Kruszewski.

Aim. Our scientific research strives to identify the lexical, semantical and grammatical means used to translate the category of inferentiality with the assessment in modal meaning of necessity in Russian and Persian interrogative sentences. Methodology. This article is seeking to answer the question of what are the linguistic means and manner that might make linguistic analogy to transmit the category of inferentiality and the modal meaning of necessity in Persian and Russian interrogative sentences. Thus during our study of the novel “Anna Karenina” by L. N. Tolstoy the interrogative sentences expressing the semantic meanings of inferentiality and necessity were analyzed. In the course of comparative study, the Persian interrogative sentences in the novel “The Moon Becomes Full” by Fariba Vafi were studied to find out similarities and differences of linguistic means used to convey the category of inferentiality and the meaning of necessity. Results. The results of this study show that the particle ли آیا; adverb так много اينقدر; interrogative pronouns почему چرا ; зачем برای چی ; что چه; как چگونه … and modal words нужно, необходимо لازم است, надо, должен باید ... are the linguistic means to express the meanings of inferentiality and necessity in Russian and Persian languages. Research implication. The results of this research can be helpful in teaching Russian language as a foreign language in order to understand the content of Russian interrogative sentences conveying the meanings of inferentiality and necessity.

Aim. The purpose of this article is to study the phenomenon of cultural contextual adaptation and the selection of translation methods and strategies in Chinese translation of Russian literature with the help of adaptation theory. Methodology. The main methods of research are: observation, classification, interpretation, synthesis. Results. In this article, the cultural context is divided into four aspects. The result of the analysis shows that the translator needs to choose the appropriate translation methods and strategies for dynamic adaptation to different cultural contexts. Research implications. The research results contribute to the adaptation theory and literary translation.