Comparative analysis of the conditional tense expression in Russian and Persian complex sentences (temporal aspect)

Aim. To reveal the similarities and differences in the grammatical tense of the verbs of the dependent and main parts of complex sentences expressing the real condition in Persian and Russian languages.
Methodology. The authors conducted an analysis of the corresponding constructions in Persian and Russian languages, comparing the verb tenses of main and subordinate clauses in sentences of both languages. The analysis was carried out using descriptive and comparative methods.
Results. As a result, it was discovered that the main difference between Russian and Persian complex sentences with conditional tense is manifested in constructions where the verb in the main clause is in the imperative mood. In Russian, the verb in the subordinate clause in such scenarios is in the future tense, whereas in Persian it typically appears in the past tense.
Research implications. This research deepens the understanding of verb tenses in complex sentences with real conditional tense in Russian and Persian. The comparative analysis of these distantly related languages reveals the main differences and similarities, contributing to a better understanding of their functions. The practical significance lies in applying the results to improve methods used in teaching Russian to Iranian students and improving the quality of translation from Russian to Persian and vice versa. In addition, the results of the research can be used in the compilation of linguistic and translation theories in the field of theoretical, applied, comparative linguistics and linguistic typology, as well as in grammatical descriptions and textbooks.

1. نغزگوی کهن م. بقائی ع. زمان دستوری جهان¬های ممکن ساخت شرطی در زبان فارسی معاصر // زبان فارسی و گویش¬های ایرانی: دانشگاه گیلان. سری 2. شماره 6. 1397. 71-55.

2. وحیدیان کامیار ت. جملات شرطی در زبان فارسی // مجله زبانشناسی. شماره2. 1364.43-56.

3. محتشمی ب. دستور کامل زبان فارسی. تهران: انتشارات اشراقی، 1370. 648 ص.

4. Khrakovsky, V. S. (1998). Typology of conditional constructions. Sr. Petersburg: Nauka publ. (in Russ.).

5. وزین¬پور ن. دستور زبان فارسی. تهران: انتشارات معین، 1375. 291 ص.

6. ماهوتیان ش. دستور زبان فارسی از دیدگاه رده شناسی. تهران: نشر مرکز، 1378. 366 ص.

7. میرزایی آ. ساختار جملات شرطی در زبان فارسی // زبان¬شناخت. تهران: پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، شماره 2. 1399. 239-259.

8. ابن¬الرسول م. کاظمی س. کاظمی م. رابطه معنایی جمله¬واره پایه و پیرو در جمله¬های شرطی زبان فارسی // ادب فارسی. تهران: دانشگاه تهران. شماره 17. 1395. 93-112.

9. دبیرمقدم م. صدیقی¬فر ز. آموزش جمله های شرطی زبان فارسی به غیر فارسی زبانان: مقايسه دو روش تدريس ساختاری و تكلیف – محور//-پژوهش نامه ی آموزش زبان فارسی به غیر فارسی زبانان. 1391. شماره 2. 31-59.

10. Lekant, P. A., Klobukov, E. V. & Markelova, T. V. (2001). Modern Russian language: a manual for pedagogical educational institutions. Moscow: Drofa publ. (in Russ.).

11. Saeed, J. I. (2009). Semantics. United Kingdom: Wiley–Blackwell.

12. . شفائی ا. مبانی علمی دستور زبان فارسی. تهران: نوین، 1363. 645ص.

13. Korshunova, A. S. & Laguta, N. V. (2020). Grammatical means of expression of the category of time in the Russian language. In: Bulletin of the Amur State University. Humanities, 90, 92–96 (in Russ.).

14. Kokorina, S. I., Babalova, L. L. & Mets, N. A. (1985). Practical grammar of the Russian language for foreign teachers of Russian studies. Moscow: Russkiy yazyk publ. (in Russ.).