Equivalent and specific “typical meanings” of the word combinations with the key lexeme ДРУГ in Russian and German languages

Aim. The article presents the results of a comparative study of the combinability of the lexeme FRIEND in Russian and German, conducted using the apparatus of lexical functions-parameters (I. A. Melchuk, A. K. Zholkovsky, etc.). The main purpose of the research is to identify universal and specific (lacunary for one of the languages) “typical meanings” of the analyzed combinations with the clarification of their stylistic mark, usage peculiarities, presence/absence of semantic limitations in both languages.

Methodology. The study includes four main stages of work, among which there is a comparison of the semantics of the key lexeme of the analyzed combinations in order to identify equivalent/ non-equivalent semes, a qualitative selection of the main combinations with the key lexeme in both languages, an identification of equivalent lexical functions-parameters indicating the features of their verbalization in both languages, an identification of specific lexical functions-parameters verbalized only in one of the analyzed languages. In the course of the work the following methods were used: component, definitional, seme, distributive, contextual types of analysis.

Results. The results of the research let reveal most completely which lexical functions-parameters 1) are represented in both languages with the combinations with the key lexeme FRIEND, 2) are represented only in one of the languages with appropriate combinations and with alternative ways of their expression in another language (in ways different from word combinations), 3) are represented in one of the languages with the combinations with the key lexeme FRIEND and are not verbalized in another language, 4) are most/least numerous in each of the languages; 4) are the most/least used in each of the languages.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of the results of the research is in the possibility of expanding and clarifying the theory of teaching foreign languages and the theory of bilingual combinatorial lexicography, in which the approach used in the article can be considered as an alternative way of presenting and interpreting lexicographic and/or educational material. The practical importance of the results is applied to the translation practice of Russian and German fiction and non-fiction literature, in the process of compiling Russian-German and German-Russian combinatorial dictionaries, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian and German as non-native languages.

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