CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGES IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF LINGUISTS OF NATURALISTIC SCHOOL

The article is devoted to the comparative analyses of the problem of languages classification in the works of some linguists of the XIX century, belonging to the direction of linguistic naturalism: Friedrich Max Müller, Abel Hovelaque and William Dwight Whitney. The article touches upon the approach of these linguists to the problem of genealogical and morphological classifications of languages, to the problem of language evolution, to the question of the transmutation of linguistic patterns and to some other related questions. The study shows that the linguists of naturalistic school were convinced that languages develop and evolve together with civilization from simple to more complex forms.

язык, натурализм, генеалогическая классификация, морфологическая классификация, изолирующий, агглютинирующий, флективный, полисинтетический, языковая семья, преобразование видов, language, naturalism, genealogical classification, morphological classification, isolating, agglutinative, inflective, polysynthetic, language family, transmutation of species

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